Isoniazid@Fe₂O₃Nanocontainers and Their Antibacterial Effect on Tuberculosis Mycobacteria

Abstract

Isoniazid-filled Fe2 O3 hollow nanospheres (INH@Fe2 O3 , diameter <30 nm, 48 wt % INH-load) are prepared for the first time and suggested for tuberculosis therapy. After dextran-functionalization, the INH@Fe2 O3 @DEX nanocontainers show strong activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.) and M.tb.-infected macrophages. The nanocontainers can be considered as "Trojan horses" and show efficient, active uptake into both M.tb.-infected macrophages and even into mycobacterial cells.

Microemulsion‐made Magnesium Carbonate Hollow Nanospheres

“…Our ME‐based strategy to prepare hollow nanospheres differentiates from standard synthesis in water‐in‐oil MEs ( w/o ‐MEs) in regard of an essential aspect: The two different reaction areas – the polar droplet phase as well as the non‐polar dispersant phase are both used to separately dissolve the starting materials. [1a], In standard ME‐based synthesis, in contrast, all reactants are present in the aqueous droplet phase of the w/o ‐MEs . The formation of hollow nanospheres essentially requires the separation of the reactants with one reactant dissolved in the droplet phase and a second reactant located in the dispersant phase (Figure ).…”

“…As a straightforward access to hollow nanospheres – especially with diameters of 10 to 50 nm – we could establish a microemulsion (ME)‐based synthesis strategy. [1a], In fact, such MEs turned out as ideal for obtaining nanosized hollow spheres since their size directly correlates to the micelle diameter . Micelles can also be considered as templates but with the essential difference that the template is liquid.…”

Macrophage‐Targeted Isoniazid–Selenium Nanoparticles Promote Antimicrobial Immunity and Synergize Bactericidal Destruction of Tuberculosis Bacilli

“…The pathogenesis hallmarks for TB are the Mtb escape from lysosome destruction and the limited drug delivery into infected macrophages, which contribute to the lengthy nine‐month TB therapy involving multiple drugs that always cause side effects and the emergence of multidrug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB) . Nanotechnology, especially functional nanomaterials, has shown increasing potential for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, including TB . Several specific nanomaterials have been proved to be entrapped in lysosomes after cell entry and provide potential for lysosome‐related treatment of disorders.…”

“…But how to extend such functional nanomaterials for intracellular Mtb clearance remains a big challenge. A novel nanotechnology‐assisted anti‐TB strategy enabling both macrophage‐targeted drug delivery and antimicrobial features should greatly improve TB therapeutic efficacies …”

Engineering Multifunctional RNAi Nanomedicine To Concurrently Target Cancer Hallmarks for Combinatorial Therapy

“…X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the amorphous structure (Figure 1B), which is presumably composed of Fe 2 O 3 or FeOOH. [14] To assess whether the decomposition of AIO NPs in acidic pHs can trigger • OH production, we used electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to measure • OH produced by the reaction between NPs and H 2 O 2 at different pHs. The generation of • OH was very low at pH 7.4, as indicated by the low ESR amplitude of paramagnetic adduct DEPMPO-OH (Figure 1C).…”