Isolation of high-purity and high-stability exosomes from ginseng

Abstract

Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that regulate cell growth and defense by delivering bioactive cellular constituents. They are a promising material for biomedical and cosmetic utilization, especially in medicinal crops such as ginseng. One main hurdle to their usage is the need for a method to isolate stable exosomes with high purity. In this study, we first tested two methods to isolate exosomes from ginseng: ultracentrifugation, the most widely used method; and the ExoQuick system, a polymer-based exosome precipitation approach. We also designed and tested a third method in which we combined ultracentrifugation and ExoQuick methods. Size distribution analysis revealed that the exosome isolation purity by the ultracentrifugation and ExoQuick methods alone were 34.1% and 59.7%, respectively, while the combination method greatly improved exosome isolation purity (83.3%). Furthermore, we found that the combination method also increases the colloidal stability of isolated ginseng exosomes, and the increase was almost double that of the ultracentrifugation method. Lastly, we showed that the combination method can also be used to isolate high-purity and high-stability exosomes from the model plant Arabidopsis. Overall, our findings indicate that the combination method is suitable to isolate high-purity and high-stability exosomes from plants including ginseng.

Bovine Colostrum Exosomes Are a Promising Natural Bacteriostatic Agent against Staphylococcus aureus

“…Mode concentration was 3 × 10 10 particles/mL (Figure D), and the actual value was twice as large as the measured value (because of the 2-fold dilution). Exosomes have a negatively charged ζ-potential because they are surrounded by a phospholipid membrane, which is an important parameter reflecting exosome stability . In this study, the average ζ-potential of BC-Exo was −25.2 mV (Figure E), suggesting that the isolated BC-Exo also had high stability in the solvent.…”

“…Exosomes have a negatively charged ζ-potential because they are surrounded by a phospholipid membrane, which is an important parameter reflecting exosome stability. 40 In this study, the average ζpotential of BC-Exo was −25.2 mV (Figure 1E), suggesting that the isolated BC-Exo also had high stability in the solvent. The positive biological protein markers chosen for BC-Exo were the transmembrane (CD81) and cytosolic (TSG101) markers.…”

Engineered plant extracellular vesicles for natural delivery across physiological barriers

“…54,55 To solve this problem, it can be used in combination with other methods. Jang et al 38 compared EVs extracted from ginseng by ultracentrifugation, polymer precipitation (ExoQuick) and the combination of the two methods, and through particle size analysis found the combined technology greatly improved the purity of EVs and increased stability. At the same time, the precipitate containing EVs obtained by the precipitation method can be further improved by the immunocapture method.…”

Plant‐derived nanovesicles offer a promising avenue for anti‐aging interventions

“…The integration of golden cherry NVs into gel has been effective, indicating its promise as an innovative therapeutic strategy for addressing photoaging. (Setiadi et al 2024) In a study, researchers first evaluated two techniques for separating NVs from Panax quinquefolius L. (ginseng): ultracentrifugation, which is the most often used method, and the ExoQuick system, a polymer-based strategy for precipitating NVs (Jang et al 2022).…”

“…In a study, researchers first evaluated two techniques for separating NVs from Panax quinquefolius L. (ginseng): ultracentrifugation, which is the most often used method, and the ExoQuick system, a polymer‐based strategy for precipitating NVs (Jang et al 2022). Remarkably, the researchers discovered that the combined technique significantly enhances the colloidal stability of isolated ginseng PDNVs, with an increase almost twice as significant as that achieved using the ultracentrifugation approach.…”