Isolation of extracellular vesicles from microalgae: towards the production of sustainable and natural nanocarriers of bioactive compounds

Abstract

Biophysical and biochemical characterisation of microalgae-derived extracellular vesicles.

Euglena gracilis and Its Aqueous Extract Constructed With Chitosan-Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Facilitate Cutaneous Wound Healing in Mice Without Inducing Excessive Inflammatory Response

“…Moreover, the promotion of IL-6 expression may be a mechanism for the pro-angiogenic effect and wound healing (Yin et al, 2019). As the existence of extracellular vesicles was confirmed in other microalgae (Picciotto et al, 2021), it is reasonable to propose similar mechanisms for live Euglena cells for skin wound healing. Additional elaborately designed experiments would provide strong evidence to support this case.…”

Advanced Applications for Protein and Compounds from Microalgae

“…EVs showed many interesting characteristics for potential use as therapeutic molecules and drug delivery systems. Indeed, EVs showed low immunological response, low toxicity, and these vesicles are able to cross various barriers, and showed the ability to transport and protect their cargo [ 89 , 92 ]. EVs have been evaluated for their potential to produce nanomedicine-based therapeutics; thus, the research has been focused on the possibility to use engineered EVs as vectors in specific therapies [ 91 ].…”

“…EVs have been evaluated for their potential to produce nanomedicine-based therapeutics; thus, the research has been focused on the possibility to use engineered EVs as vectors in specific therapies [ 91 ]. EVs from 18 different strains of microalgae have been isolated and characterized [ 92 ]. The EVs were approximately 90–160 nm in size, and microalgae-based EVs protein showed positive reactivity for the target protein of the EVs.…”

Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles From Microalgae: A Renewable and Scalable Bioprocess

“…In such a context, we recently identified microalgae as a novel natural source of EVs, called nanoalgosomes or simply algosomes ( Adamo et al, 2021 ; Picciotto et al, 2021 ). Microalgae are microorganisms (mostly photosynthetic and autotrophic) considered a promising source of natural bioactive macromolecules such as pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and polysaccharides ( Cuellar-Bermudez et al, 2015 ; Khan et al, 2018 ).…”

“…In our previous studies, we evaluated different microalgal species for their capability to produce EVs ( Picciotto et al, 2021 ) and we identified the marine chlorophyte microalga Tetraselmis chuii (T. chuii) as one of the most promising biosource for a large-scale production of EVs ( Adamo et al, 2021 ). Beyond its capability to produce EVs with a high yield, T. chuii has also an interesting content of valuable natural pigments, including lutein and β -carotene ( Picciotto et al, 2021 ), and it has been approved as a novel food for human consumption ( European Commission, 2017 ).…”