2020
DOI: 10.1080/15440478.2020.1764454
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Abstract: Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) or cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with different morphologies, chemical, mechanical and physical properties can be obtained when microcrystalline cellulose is subjected to enzymatic, chemical or mechanical treatment. With the aim of utilizing cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) from Oryza sativa, we isolated microcrystalline cellulose using the Kraft process, followed by successive fiber fibrillation using mechanical grinding, then (2,2,6,6-Tetrame thylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) mediated o… Show more

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Cited by 26 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…The 13 mm KBr pellets were prepared in a standard device under a pressure of 75 kN cm −2 for 3 min. The spectral resolution was set at 4 cm −1 and the scanning range from 400 to 4000 cm −1 41 , 51 53 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The 13 mm KBr pellets were prepared in a standard device under a pressure of 75 kN cm −2 for 3 min. The spectral resolution was set at 4 cm −1 and the scanning range from 400 to 4000 cm −1 41 , 51 53 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, oxidizing agents such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) and phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) have been used to obtain NC. They improve the environmental friendliness and shorten the duration of the nanocellulose production process compared to hydrolysis, but have a higher cost than the above acids [70][71][72].…”
Section: Preparation Of Nanocellulosementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Mineral acids such as sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, hydrobromic and phosphoric acids, or mixtures thereof, are used in the hydrolysis process (Rhim et al 2014). To obtain nanocellulose, other chemicals are used: organic acids (Li et al 2015;Biana et al 2018), deep autectic solvents (Yang X et al 2019), oxidizing agents: phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) radical (Coseri 2009) and TEMPO (Madivoli et al 2020). But sulfuric acid is most often used for the hydrolysis of cellulose due to the relatively low reaction temperature (up to 60°C) and short reaction time (up to 60 min) and the formation of a gel-like product in water (Habibi 2014).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%