Picrachinentins A−F (1−6, respectively), six novel cyclopeptide alkaloid-type burpitides (CPABs), were isolated and fully elucidated from the EtOH extract of the stems and leaves of Picrasma chinensis. Structurally, compounds 1−6 have a 14membered paracyclophane ring system that was closed through an ether bond between the β-hydroxy amino acid and tyrosine and modified with a 4,5-methylenedioxybenzoyloxy (MDBz, 3 and 5) or hexanoyl (Hexa, 1, 2, 4, and 6) group at the N-terminus. Interestingly, this is the first report on the isolation and characterization of CPABs from plants of the Simaroubaceae family. In addition, all compounds showed a neuroprotective effect against H 2 O 2 -damaged SH-SY5Y cells. Compound 1 was further investigated for its neuroprotective activities using a 1-methyl-4phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease animal model, and it dramatically improved MPTPimpaired motor behavioral performance. Biochemical analysis revealed compound 1 restored the tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the striatum of the MPTP-damaged mouse brain, which demonstrates its protective effect on dopaminergic neurons.