Isolation and Phylogenetic Characterization of Ebola Viruses Causing Different Outbreaks in Gabon

Georges‐Courbot, Marie‐Claude; Sanchez, Anthony; Lu, Changyuan; Baize, Sylvain; Leroy, Eric M.; Lansout-Soukate, Joseph; Tévi-Bénissan, Carol; Georges, A. J.; Trappier, Sam G.; Zaki, Sherif R.; Swanepoel, Robert; Leman, Patricia A.; Rollin, Pierre E.; Peters, C. J.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.

doi:10.3201/eid0301.970107

Cited by 116 publications

(73 citation statements)

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“…We could not examine whether the ELISA detects the forth subtype, subtype Côte d'Ivoire (8), since neither clinical materials nor NP sequence data for this subtype were available to us. From a comparison of the glycoprotein genes of the four subtypes of Ebola virus, subtype Côte d'Ivoire is genetically more closely related to subtype Zaire than to the other two subtypes (3,5). Combined with the results showing cross-reaction of MAb 3-3D with the other two subtypes, this ELISA system may work with subtype Côte d'Ivoire as well, although further studies with authentic NP including that of subtype Côte d'Ivoire are needed to determine the cross-reactivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the region of endemicity of Ebola virus is limited, the risk of infection of humans and animals in other parts of the world is increasing with the increase in international traffic and transactions. Since Ebola virus causes secondary human-to-human infections among medical personnel and family members (2,20), it is important to diagnose the infection at the early stage of an outbreak and to alert society.On the basis of genetic divergence, four subtypes of Ebola viruses have been defined: subtypes Zaire, Sudan, Côte d 'Ivoire, and Reston (3,5,14). The first three subtypes cause severe clinical symptoms in both humans and monkeys, while subtype Reston has caused disease only in monkeys (4, 10, 11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of genetic divergence, four subtypes of Ebola viruses have been defined: subtypes Zaire, Sudan, Côte d'Ivoire, and Reston (3,5,14). The first three subtypes cause severe clinical symptoms in both humans and monkeys, while subtype Reston has caused disease only in monkeys (4,10,11).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Detection of Ebola Viral Antigen by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using a Novel Monoclonal Antibody to Nucleoprotein

et al. 2001

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With the increase in international traffic, the risk of introducing rare but severe infectious diseases like Ebola hemorrhagic fever is increasing all over the world. However, the system for the diagnosis of Ebola virus infection is available in a limited number of countries. In the present study, we developed an Ebola virus antigen-detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system using a novel monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the nucleoprotein (NP). This antibody recognized an epitope defined by a 26-amino-acid stretch near the C terminus of NP. In a sandwich ELISA system with the MAb, as little as 30 ng of purified recombinant NP (rNP) was detected. Although this MAb was prepared by immunization with rNP of subtype Zaire, it also reacted to the corresponding region of NP derived from the Reston and Sudan subtypes. These results suggest that our ELISA system should work with three of four Ebola subtypes. Furthermore, our ELISA system detected the NP in subtype Reston-infected monkey specimens, while the background level in noninfected specimens was very low, suggesting the usefulness of the ELISA for laboratory diagnosis with clinical specimens.Ebola virus infection causes one of the most severe hemorrhagic fevers and has a high fatality rate (20). Although the region of endemicity of Ebola virus is limited, the risk of infection of humans and animals in other parts of the world is increasing with the increase in international traffic and transactions. Since Ebola virus causes secondary human-to-human infections among medical personnel and family members (2,20), it is important to diagnose the infection at the early stage of an outbreak and to alert society.On the basis of genetic divergence, four subtypes of Ebola viruses have been defined: subtypes Zaire, Sudan, Côte d 'Ivoire, and Reston (3,5,14). The first three subtypes cause severe clinical symptoms in both humans and monkeys, while subtype Reston has caused disease only in monkeys (4, 10, 11). Ebola virus infection has an acute onset, and frequently, no antibody production is observed at the onset of clinical symptoms (1, 7). On the other hand, the virus load in patients' blood and tissues such as liver is extremely high (7). Therefore, quick and accurate primary screening for Ebola virus infection can be achieved by detection of the viral antigens rather than by detection of specific antibodies (14).An antigen-detection system for Ebola virus infection was reported and successfully applied in the field (6). However, the information on that enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is quite limited. For example, the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) used in that system have not been reported even in terms of their molecular specificities. Moreover, the supply of that ELISA system is rather limited. For these reasons, we decided to establish another system for the detection of Ebola viral antigen. Toward this goal, we first established MAbs to a recombinant nucleoprotein (rNP) of Ebola virus subtype Zaire.NP is one of the major viral structural componen...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Detection of Ebola Viral Antigen by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using a Novel Monoclonal Antibody to Nucleoprotein

et al. 2001

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“…Meanwhile, between 1994 and 1996, there were smaller outbreaks caused by ZEBOV in Gabon (Ref. 9). More recently, Uganda, Gabon and the DRC suffered large epidemics of viral HF attributed to EBOV.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ebola virus: new insights into disease aetiopathology and possible therapeutic interventions

Geisbert

Hensley

2004

Expert Rev. Mol. Med.

111

106

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Ebola virus (EBOV) gained public notoriety in the last decade largely as a consequence of the highly publicised isolation of a new EBOV species in a suburb of Washington, DC, in 1989, together with the dramatic clinical presentation of EBOV infection and high case-fatality rate in Africa (near 90% in some outbreaks), and the unusual and striking morphology of the virus. Furthermore, there are no vaccines or effective therapies currently available. Progress in understanding the origins of the pathophysiological changes that make EBOV infections of humans so devastating has been slow, primarily because these viruses require special containment for safe research. However, an increasing understanding of the mechanisms of EBOV pathogenesis, facilitated by the development of new tools to elucidate critical regulatory elements in the viral life cycle, is providing new targets that can be exploited for therapeutic interventions. Notably, identifying factors triggering the haemorrhagic complications that characterise EBOV infections led to the development of a strategy to modulate coagulopathy; this therapeutic modality successfully mitigated the effects of EBOV haemorrhagic fever in nonhuman primates. This review summarises our current understanding of EBOV pathogenesis and discusses various approaches to therapeutic intervention based on our current understanding of how EBOV produces a lethal infection.

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“…There was considerable geographical spread within the country, including the capital Libreville, and even exportation to South Africa, leading to a fatal nosocomial transmission to a nurse (WHO 1997). By genome sequencing the virus was found to be very similar to the Zaire strain (Georges-Courbot et al 1997). Anecdotes of fatal epidemics among great apes parallel to the Ebola outbreaks in Homo sapiens were reported.…”

Section: A Price To Pay For Interfering With the Biosphere?mentioning

confidence: 97%

Viewpoint: Filovirus haemorrhagic fever outbreaks:much ado about nothing?

Borchert¹,

Boelaert²,

Sleurs³

et al. 2000

Tropical Med Int Health

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SummaryThe recent outbreak of Marburg haemorrhagic fever in the Democratic Republic of Congo has put the filovirus threat back on the international health agenda. This paper gives an overview of Marburg and Ebola outbreaks so far observed and puts them in a public health perpsective. Damage on the local level has been devastating at times, but was marginal on the international level despite the considerable media attention these outbreaks received. The potential hazard of outbreaks, however, after export of filovirus from its natural environment into metropolitan areas, is argued to be considerable. Some avenues for future research and intervention are explored. Beyond the obvious need to find the reservoir and study the natural history, public health strategies for a more timely and efficient response are urgently needed.keywords emerging infectious diseases, filovirus haemorrhagic fever, public health correspondence Matthias

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Isolation and Phylogenetic Characterization of Ebola Viruses Causing Different Outbreaks in Gabon

Cited by 116 publications

References 6 publications

Detection of Ebola Viral Antigen by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using a Novel Monoclonal Antibody to Nucleoprotein

Detection of Ebola Viral Antigen by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using a Novel Monoclonal Antibody to Nucleoprotein

Ebola virus: new insights into disease aetiopathology and possible therapeutic interventions

Viewpoint: Filovirus haemorrhagic fever outbreaks:much ado about nothing?

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