Isolation and Partial Characterization of Structural Components of the Walls of Alkalophilic Bacillus Strain C-125

Hyper-autolysis of the Facultative AlkaliphileBacillussp. C-125 Cells Grown at Neutral pH: Culture-pH Dependent Cross-linking of the Peptide Moieties of the Peptidoglycan

“…19,20) The A-walls are rich in the non-peptidoglycan components. 8) It might be possible that activity of the autolytic enzyme was suppressed by the acidic nonpeptidoglycan components enriched in the A-cells, A-walls, and A-SDS-walls. However, the autolytic MA amidase or lysozyme also solubilized the N-peptidoglycan more rapidly than the A-peptidoglycan (Figs.…”

“…It has been reported that autolytic enzymes are often activated in microbial cells starved in carbon sources. 1 8) One of the major autolytic enzymes that caused the alkali-instability of the N-cells was alkaline MA amidase (Fig. 3).…”

Regeneration of Protoplasts Prepared from Alkaliphilic Strains ofBacillusspp.

“…2) These strains were aerobically grown at 37°C in the following alkaline complex medium: K 2 HP0 4 , 13.7 g; KH 2 P0 4 , 5.9 g; citric acid, 0.34 g; MgS0 4 · 7H 2 0, 0.05 g; glucose, 2 g; peptone, 5 g; yeast extract, 0.5 g; and Na 2 C0 3 , 10.6 g per liter of deionized water. 7) The initial value of pH of this medium was about 10. Cells in the exponential phase of growth were centrifuged at 3000 x g for 10 min at 4°C.…”

Decrease in Cytoplasmic pH-Homeostastatic Activity of the AlkaliphileBacillus LentusC-125 by a Cell Wall Defect

“…11) Recently, an S-layer composed of a comparatively acidic protein was discovered on the cell surface of alkaliphile B. pseudoˆrmus OF4. In the case that environmental concentration of Na + ions is low, this layer contributes to alkaliphily of the bacterium at alkaline pH higher than 10.5.…”

“…10) Quantities of these acidic polymers in the cell walls of strain C-125 increase with increasing culture pH. 11) In this study, we examined cytoplasmic pH homeostasis of the cell-wall-component-defective derivatives using the pH-sensitive ‰uorescent probe 2?,7?-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(and-6)-carboxy‰uorescein (BCECF). BCECF has been used to measure cytoplasmic pH of eucaryotic or bacterial cells.…”