Isolation and Characterization of Nanocellulose with a Novel Shape from Walnut (Juglans Regia L.) Shell Agricultural Waste

Zheng, Da Wei; Zhang, Yangyang; Guo, Yang; Yue, Jinquan

doi:10.3390/polym11071130

Cited by 128 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Traditionally, composites are made from fossil fuels, and due to the environmental pollution resulting from long time degradation process, scientists have developed composites from renewable materials [ 1 , 2 ]. One of the solutions that have been proposed to solve the challenge of degradation of synthetic polymers is to blend them with renewably sourced materials [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and Characterization of New Approach Organic Nanoparticle-Based Biocomposite Board

et al. 2020

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Conventionally, panel boards are produced with material flex or microparticle with P.U. or U.F. as adhesives. However, in this study, nanoparticle with epoxy resin as an adhesive was used to produce nanoboard. Coconut shell nanoparticle composite with epoxy resin as an adhesive was prepared using a compression molding technique. The coconut shell particles were originally 200 mesh size and then milled mechanically with a ball mill for the duration of 10, 20, 30, and 40 h (milling times) to produce nanoparticles. The composition ratio of the composite is 85 vol.% of coconut shell and 15 vol.% of epoxy resin. The formation of nanoparticles was observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical, physical, and microstructure properties of the composite were examined with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and universal testing machine. The results established that the properties of the composite (microstructures, mechanical, and physical) are influenced by the duration of milling of coconut shell particles. The modulus and flexural strength of the composite improved with an increase in the milling time. The density, thickness swelling, and porosity of the composite were also influenced by the milling times. The result suggested that the composite properties were influenced by the particle size of the coconut shell. The coconut shell nanoparticle composite can be used in the manufacturing of hybrid panels and board.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and Characterization of New Approach Organic Nanoparticle-Based Biocomposite Board

et al. 2020

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“…The FTIR spectra of the raw material and chemically treated fibers are presented in figure 6. The most distinctive absorption peaks of the FTIR spectra of the raw fibers and the chemically treated fibers were observed at the wavenumbers of 1595, 1505, 1247 cm −1 , associating with the characteristics of lignin [11,26,27]. After alkali treatment, the small shoulder at 1595 cm −1 corresponding to the C=C unsaturated linkages and aromatic rings in lignin was not present.…”

Section: Ftir Spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

Extraction of thermally stable cellulose nanocrystals in short processing time from waste newspaper by conventional acid hydrolysis

Van‐Pham

Pham

Tran

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Motivated by many exclusive and useful features of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and the underutilized resource of waste newspaper, this study aimed to extract CNC from waste newspapers by means of alkali and bleaching treatments followed by acid hydrolysis. The morphological structure of the obtained CNC was analysed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The remarkable removal of surface contamination and the reduction in fiber diameter during alkali and bleaching treatment were observed and the nano-dimension of the extracted CNC was revealed with the average diameter of 12.3±2.8 nm. Characterization of the extracted CNC showed a high whiteness index of 80%, and high transparency of about 80% of the light at 600 nm calculated for a 0.02 mm thick nanocellulose film. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that lignin, hemicellulose and other coloring agents were successfully removed. A comparably high crystallinity index of 80.15% was calculated from x-ray diffraction data. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the product had a typical maximum thermal degradation at 300°C. The analysis results indicated the successful extraction of good CNC from waste newspaper with the shortest processing time ever reported for acid hydrolysis with conventional alkali and bleaching pretreatment. The findings also strongly support for further research of nanocomposites reinforced by CNC produced from waste newspaper.

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“…where (k) is the dimensionless Scherrer constant = 0.94, (λ) is the X-ray wavelength = 1.54184 nm, (β) is the peak full width at half maximum in radians, and (θ) is the diffraction angle in radians. The Crystallinity Index CrI (%) was calculated according to the method reported by Zheng et al (2019) 50 as follows:…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel research on nanocellulose production by a marine Bacillus velezensis strain SMR: a comparative study

Abouelkheir

Kamara

Atia

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a nanofibrillar polymer that possesses unique characteristics such as high chemical purity, mechanical strength, flexibility, and absorbency. In addition, different bacterial strains can form nanocellulose (NC) in multiple shapes and sizes. This study describes the first report of a marine Bacillus strain that is able to synthesize NC. The strain identified as B. velezensis SMR based on 16S rDNA sequencing, produced highly structured NC, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis (SEM). In Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium, B. velezensis SMR produced twice the quantity of BNC in comparison to the reference strain, G. xylinus ATCC 10245. The ability of B. velezensis SMR to produce NC using different industrial waste materials as growth media was tested. Growth in Ulva seaweed extract supported a 2.5-fold increase of NC production by B. velezensis SMR and a threefold increase in nc production by G. xylinus ATCC 10245. As proof of principle for the usability of nc from B. velezensis SMR, we successfully fabricated a BNCbased polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (BNC-PVA) system, a promising material used in different fields of application such as medicine, food, and agriculture. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), an extracellular produced structure, is considered a highly desirable biomaterial due to its superior qualities in comparison to other cellulose-containing structures. Compared to plant cellulose, nanofibril network of biocellulose possesses high water retaining capacity, degree of polymerization, chemical purity, high crystallinity, in vivo biocompatibility to be used as a scaffold in tissue engineering, and excellent mechanical properties 1,2. BNC production has been reported in both Gram-negative bacteria such as G. xylinus, Agrobacterium, Achromobacter, Aerobacter, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium, and Gram-positive bacteria such as Sarcina 3. Among the different BNC-producing bacteria, G. xylinus is the most commonly studied species 4. Synthesis of BNC is a complex process involving polymerization of glucose monomers and secretion of the complex cellulose structures to the external environment to create a three-dimensional microfibril and nanofibril network. During the fermentation process, bacteria either move freely in the media or attach to cellulose fibers, producing a highly swollen gel structure 5. Purification of NC from the culture medium involves the removal of bacterial cells and collection of the cellulose matrix from the cultural medium. This is a crucial step to ensure the quality of BNC and can be performed either by repeated washing using a hot sodium hydroxide solution, followed by water until reaching a neutral pH or by other methods, such as gamma radiation 6. While BNC-production by several bacterial species have been reported, it has never been shown that members of the genus Bacillus were able to produce NC. B. velezensis is a Gram-positive bacterium that has been extensively studied for its ability to induce plant growth-...

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Isolation and Characterization of Nanocellulose with a Novel Shape from Walnut (Juglans Regia L.) Shell Agricultural Waste

Cited by 128 publications

References 74 publications

Properties and Characterization of New Approach Organic Nanoparticle-Based Biocomposite Board

Properties and Characterization of New Approach Organic Nanoparticle-Based Biocomposite Board

Extraction of thermally stable cellulose nanocrystals in short processing time from waste newspaper by conventional acid hydrolysis

Novel research on nanocellulose production by a marine Bacillus velezensis strain SMR: a comparative study

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