Isolation and characterization of heat resistant enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus from a food poisoning outbreak in Indian subcontinent

Nema, Vijay; Agrawal, Ranu; Kamboj, Dev Vrat; Goel, Ajay; Singh, Lokendra

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.01.015

Cited by 55 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…SFP caused by SEs is one of the most prevalent causes of gastroenteritis worldwide (4,32). Among different types of SEs, SEB is the most potent and is also a listed biological warfare agent (21,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a Single-Chain Variable-Fragment Antibody against the Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B

Singh

Agrawal

Kamboj

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) is one of the most prevalent causes of food-borne illness throughout the world. SFP is caused by 21 different types of staphylococcal enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Among these, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is the most potent toxin and is a listed biological warfare (BW) agent. Therefore, development of immunological reagents for detection of SEB is of the utmost importance. High-affinity and specific monoclonal antibodies are being used for detection of SEB, but hybridoma clones tend to lose their antibody-secreting ability over time. This problem can be overcome by the use of recombinant antibodies produced in a bacterial system. In the present investigation, genes from a hybridoma clone encoding monoclonal antibody against SEB were immortalized using antibody phage display technology. A murine phage display library containing single-chain variable-fragment (ScFv) antibody genes was constructed in a pCANTAB 5E phagemid vector. Phage particles displaying ScFv were rescued by reinfection of helper phage followed by four rounds of biopanning for selection of SEB binding ScFv antibody fragments by using phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Soluble SEB-ScFv antibodies were characterized from one of the clones showing high affinity for SEB. The anti-SEB ScFv antibody was highly specific, and its affinity constant was 3.16 nM as determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). These results demonstrate that the recombinant antibody constructed by immortalizing the antibody genes from a hybridoma clone is useful for immunodetection of SEB.Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent causative agents of food-borne illness throughout the world. The illness occurs following ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) produced by S. aureus in the contaminated food. The symptoms of food poisoning include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Twenty-one different types of SEs, i.e., staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) to staphylococcal enterotoxin E (SEE) and staphylococcal enterotoxin G (SEG) to staphylococcal enterotoxin V (SEV), have already been discovered (33, 40). The immunomodulatory effects of SEs, such as immunosuppression, enhancement of endotoxic shock, and induction of cytokine release, can be attributed to the fact that SEs are potent T-cell mitogens. The ability of SEs to induce proliferation of T cells is somewhat similar to conventional antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules to T-cell receptors (TCRs). However, unlike conventional antigens, the T-cell mitogenicity of SEs does not require antigen processing and lacks the normal specificity to the TCR for specific epitopes in response to conventional antigens. This bypass of normal TCR specificity for conventional T-cell epitopes results in the stimulation of a substantial proportion of the total T-cell population, and therefore, staphylococcal enterotoxins are referred to as superantigens. The stimulation of T cells leads to over...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a Single-Chain Variable-Fragment Antibody against the Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B

Singh

Agrawal

Kamboj

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Staphylococcus aureus (D-value at 60°C of >15 min in broth) has been recovered from a foodborne outbreak in India [5]. Several chemical preservatives, including sorbates and benzoates inhibit the growth of S. aureus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Colonization of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus among Food Handlers in the Eateries Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife, Nigeria

Omololu-Aso¹,

Omololu-Aso²,

Ochada³

et al. 2017

J Clin Nutr Diet

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Food handlers have been recognized to play a major role in the transmission of food borne diseases; contributing significantly to the global incidence and burden of diseases. This study assesses nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among food handlers in the Obafemi Awolowo University eateries. A total of 35 nasal swab samples were collected and analyzed using standard conventional methods of microbial analysis in isolation and identification of S. aureus including catalase, coagulase and DNase tests as well as the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. The result showed that the prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus in Obafemi Awolowo University eateries was 13 (37.14%). The antibiotic susceptibility shown that all isolates were 100% sensitive to pefloxacin, zinnacel and ciprofloxacin while gentamycin (84.61%), ampiclox (30.77%), amoxicillin (30.77%), rocephin (61.53%), streptomycin (69.23%), septrin (23.07%), and erythromycin (46.18%) respectively. Concerted effort need to be made to educate food handlers and restaurant workers on the importance of personal hygiene and the use of protective gadget like nose masks while handling food products.

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“…Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), an enterotoxin produced by the bacterium most commonly associated with food poisoning, but can also cause widespread systemic damage and toxic shock syndrome [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]. SEB is stable to aerosolisation and is toxic via the inhalation of even small amounts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Akt Pathway Inhibitor Degeulin Prevents Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Induced Splenocyte Proliferation and Inflammation

Whitfield¹,

Risdall²,

Griffiths³

et al. 2017

ABB

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Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) is considered a potential biological weapon. It is toxic by both inhalation and ingestion. Effects of ingestion include fever, vomiting and diarrhoea, while inhalation may additionally result in chest pain, dyspnoea, pulmonary oedema and respiratory failure. Severe exposure may be fatal and treatment relies on symptomatic support. At a cellular level, SEB up-regulates T-cell proliferation leading to a pathological inflammatory response. Deguelin, a rotenoid isolated from the African plant Mundulea sericea (Leguminosae), has been shown to reduce cellular proliferation by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) signalling pathway. Using isolated murine splenocytes, we have demonstrated that treatment with deguelin reduces SEB inducing T cell proliferation by 60%. Deguelin treatment also decreased IL-2 and CCL2 secretion by splenocytes exposed to SEB. We demonstrate that targeting cellular proliferation can significantly reduce inflammation after SEB exposure and suggest that antiproliferatives may have a role as potential generic medical counter measures if superantigens are used as biological weapons.

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Isolation and characterization of heat resistant enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus from a food poisoning outbreak in Indian subcontinent

Cited by 55 publications

References 25 publications

Construction of a Single-Chain Variable-Fragment Antibody against the Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B

Construction of a Single-Chain Variable-Fragment Antibody against the Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B

Nasal Colonization of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus among Food Handlers in the Eateries Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife, Nigeria

The Akt Pathway Inhibitor Degeulin Prevents Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Induced Splenocyte Proliferation and Inflammation

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