Isolation and characterization of genotype XIII Newcastle disease virus from Emu in India

Gowthaman, Vasudevan; Singh, S. D.; Dhama, Kuldeep; Desingu, Perumal Arumugam; Kumar, Avadhesh; Malik, Yashpal Singh; Munir, Muhammad

doi:10.1007/s13337-016-0324-x

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In this study, we obtained AAvV-1 isolate (Emu/5, Genbank: MT178234) from an apparently healthy emu flock. Previous reports confirmed isolation of vNDV from an infected emu Molecular Characterization of Velogenic Avian Avulavirus Type 1 Isolated from Apparently Healthy Emu Birds... flock raised in a poultry dense area (Gowthaman et al, 2016). Shinde et al (2012) was 1:128 thus confirming the isolate as AAvV-1.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…In addition, Mean death time score in 9-11 day old embryonated chicken eggs was 48 h and ICPI score in dayold chicks was 1.82, suggesting that the isolate was highly During 2002-2003, Kinde et al (2005 reported isolation of exotic newcastle disease (END) virus from emus. Similarly, Gowthaman et al (2016) reported isolation of velogenic AAvV-1 of subgenotype XIII 2.2 from an infected emu flock with a similar motif at FPCS. ND outbreaks in commercial chicken flocks caused by subgenotype XIII 2.2 viruses were also reported in different parts of India (Jhakesara et al, 2016;Gowthaman et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Molecular Characterization of Velogenic Avian Avulavirus Type 1 Isolated from Apparently Healthy Emu Birds: Implications to Viral Maintenance and Spread

Deepthi¹,

Ratnamma²,

Pushpa³

et al. 2021

IJAR

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Background: Newcastle disease caused by Avian avulavirus type 1 (AAvV-1) is one of the dreadful diseases affecting poultry and other avian species. Wild birds and several domestic birds are recognized as reservoirs of AAvV-1 and probably contribute to the epidemiology of ND in the domesticated poultry. Hence, efforts have been made to understand the virulence and genetic nature of AAvV-1 isolates obtained from apparently healthy Emu birds.Methods: This study details characterization of a velogenic Emu/5 AAvV-1 isolate obtained from an asymptomatic emu flock. Full- length fusion gene was amplified and subsequent phylogenetic analysis was performed. Experimental inoculation of 3-week old chicken with the isolate resulted in virulent ND. Expression of cytokine mRNA levels in spleen of infected chicken at different time points correlated well with the clinical picture, gross and histopathological lesions.Result: To our knowledge this is the first evidence for the role of apparently healthy emu bird acting as a reservoir of velogenic AAvV-1 of subgenotype XIII 2.2 which proved to be highly virulent to chicken. This study further highlights the role of reservoir birds in AAvV-1 transmission and the need for adopting most realistic strategies in counteracting the disease.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Molecular Characterization of Velogenic Avian Avulavirus Type 1 Isolated from Apparently Healthy Emu Birds: Implications to Viral Maintenance and Spread

Deepthi¹,

Ratnamma²,

Pushpa³

et al. 2021

IJAR

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“…Apart from various genotypes reported, pathotypic and sequence characterization of NDV from vaccinated chickens revealed circulation of genotype II, IV and XIII in the country [19]. Genotype XIII (XIIIb) was isolated in commercial vaccinated layer farms [20] and from Emu [21]. In the present study, partial sequencing of fusion protein gene followed by phylogenetic analysis revealed the present isolate (ADS01) that was of class II genotype NDV XIII and the finding was subsequently supported by deduced amino acid sequence analysis of F protein cleavage site which revealed a virulent amino acid motif.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological and molecular investigation of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease outbreak in a vaccinated chicken flocks

et al. 2018

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Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belongs to genus and family Paramyxoviridae. There are thirteen serotypes named APMV-I (Avian Paramyxovirus-I) to APMV-13 of which NDV has been designated as APMV-1. The disease has been reported worldwide affecting both domestic and wild avian species. Morbidity and mortality rates up to 100% have been reported in cases of unvaccinated flocks. Stringent vaccination schedule is practiced in endemic/disease prone areas in order to prevent the disease. Despite this, NDV outbreaks have been reported even in cases of vaccinated populations. In this study we describe detailed pathological and molecular investigation that were undertaken in an organized poultry farm from Bareilly region, Uttar Pradesh, India, involving layer flocks which succumbed to ND outbreak in spite of following strict vaccination protocol. The mortality rate ranged from 76.80 to 84.41% in different flocks with an average mortality of 79.50%. Necropsied birds had gross lesions suggestive of viscerotropic ND including petechial hemorrhages on the proventricular tips, intestinal lumen with necrotic areas covered with hemorrhages, hemorrhagic cecal tonsils, para-tracheal edema and mottling of spleen. The characteristic histopathological lesions were mainly seen in the blood vessels and lymphoid tissues. Vascular changes characterized by congestion, edema, and hemorrhage were found in majority of the organs. Lymphocytolysis in spleen and cecal tonsils was evident. Immunohistochemical studies revealed positive signals mostly in macrophage and lymphocytes. PCR assay was done to confirm the NDV genome, which revealed an amplicon size of 356 bp. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the resemblance of the present isolate (ADS01) with class II genotype NDV XIIIA. The isolate belonged to velogenic NDV as the Minimum Lethal Dose (MLD) and Mean Death Time (MDT) for the present isolate were 10 and 41 h, respectively. Thus this study clearly demonstrates that in spite of strict vaccination regime and biosecurity procedures, ND continues to be rampant. Hence it is important to effectively administer the present vaccine in addition to strains matching to the field isolates to provide longer and optimal protection against spreading of virus by means of reducing the extent of viral shedding.

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“…The epidemiological connection between the isolates in America and those in China is however still not clear, since migratory birds have not so far been incriminated in carrying these viruses [31, 44, 45]. Genotype XIII isolates which have been recovered from birds in Europe, Asia, and Africa are all predicted to be virulent based on the amino acid composition of their F cleavage site [78]. They are thought to be continuously evolving especially in Asia and the Middle East.…”

Section: Taxonomy and Global Distribution Of Newcastle Disease Virmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus in Nigeria: Disease Control Challenges and Future Outlook

Bello

Yusoff

Ideris

et al. 2018

Advances in Virology

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Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important avian diseases with considerable threat to the productivity of poultry all over the world. The disease is associated with severe respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological lesions in chicken leading to high mortality and several other production related losses. The aetiology of the disease is an avian paramyxovirus type-1 or Newcastle disease virus (NDV), whose isolates are serologically grouped into a single serotype but genetically classified into a total of 19 genotypes, owing to the continuous emergence and evolution of the virus. In Nigeria, molecular characterization of NDV is generally very scanty and majorly focuses on the amplification of the partial F gene for genotype assignment. However, with the introduction of the most objective NDV genotyping criteria which utilize complete fusion protein coding sequences in phylogenetic taxonomy, the enormous genetic diversity of the virus in Nigeria became very conspicuous. In this review, we examine the current ecological distribution of various NDV genotypes in Nigeria based on the available complete fusion protein nucleotide sequences (1662 bp) in the NCBI database. We then discuss the challenges of ND control as a result of the wide genetic distance between the currently circulating NDV isolates and the commonest vaccines used to combat the disease in the country. Finally, we suggest future directions in the war against the economically devastating ND in Nigeria.

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Isolation and characterization of genotype XIII Newcastle disease virus from Emu in India

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Molecular Characterization of Velogenic Avian Avulavirus Type 1 Isolated from Apparently Healthy Emu Birds: Implications to Viral Maintenance and Spread

Molecular Characterization of Velogenic Avian Avulavirus Type 1 Isolated from Apparently Healthy Emu Birds: Implications to Viral Maintenance and Spread

Pathological and molecular investigation of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease outbreak in a vaccinated chicken flocks

Genotype Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus in Nigeria: Disease Control Challenges and Future Outlook

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