Isolation and Characterization of a New Polysaccharide-producingAcetobactersp.

Immunostimulating Properties of Intragastrically AdministeredAcetobacter-Derived Soluble Branched (1,4)-β-d-Glucans Decrease Murine Susceptibility toListeria monocytogenes

“…The polysaccharide AC series of Acetobacter species used in the present study were prepared and purified by a method reported previously (23,32,34,35). Briefly, five strains of polysaccharide-producing Acetobacter species were cultivated in a shaking flask at 30°C for 5 days, and the cells were removed by both centrifugation (10,000 ϫ g) of diluted broth and filtration with celite.…”

“…It has been suggested that signals from (1,3)-␤-D-glucan are transmitted through heterodimers of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and TLR-6 (2,27), although these are thought to contain multiple stimulators for macrophages in addition to (1,3)-␤-D-glucan (46). Cellulose (1,4)-␤-D-glucan is a polysaccharide produced by plant cells, fungi, and bacteria (21,23,25,34,35). We previously found that AC-1, an extracellular polysaccharide produced by Acetobacter xylinum and composed of (1,4)-␤-Dglucan with branches of glucosyl residues, showed a strong activity to induce production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) by macrophage cell lines in vitro via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) signaling (23,32,34,35).…”

“…Cellulose (1,4)-␤-D-glucan is a polysaccharide produced by plant cells, fungi, and bacteria (21,23,25,34,35). We previously found that AC-1, an extracellular polysaccharide produced by Acetobacter xylinum and composed of (1,4)-␤-Dglucan with branches of glucosyl residues, showed a strong activity to induce production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) by macrophage cell lines in vitro via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) signaling (23,32,34,35). When oral administration of AC-1 was begun immediately after ovalbumin (OVA) immunization, the serum levels of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG1 were significantly decreased and this was accompanied by augmentation of gamma interferon (IFN-␥) production.…”

Structure of an Acidic Polysaccharide fromAcetobactersp. NBI 1022

“…orieanensis, however, the ubiquinone type of A. aceti subsp. orleanensis was Q9 6 ) and that of the isolated strain was QlO' Yamada et al 20 ,21) Valuable evidence was obtained not only by analysis of oligo saccharides but also by analysis of polysaccharide residues after partial acid hydrolysis of polysaccharide AM-2. We found the following indications, comparing the results of methylation analysis of the polysaccharide and "precipitates I and II (Table III and peating heptasaccharide unit as shown in Fig.…”

“…cultural and biochemical tests, identification of ubiquinone type, and DNA base composition were described previously. 6) Purification of polysaccharide and preparation of carboxyl-reduced polysaccharide. Purification of polysaccharide and preparation of carboxyl-reduced polysaccharide were performed by the methods described previous-…”