Isoflurane-induced Vasodilation Minimally Increases Cutaneous Heat Loss

Sessler, Daniel I.; McGuire, Joseph; Moayeri, Azita; Hynson, James M.

doi:10.1097/00000542-199102000-00006

Cited by 130 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…Mean skin surface temperature was determined from 15 area-weighted sites. 28,29 Temperatures were recorded from thermocouples connected to calibrated 16-channel electronic thermometers having an accuracy of 0.1°C and a precision of 0.01°C (Iso-Thermex, Columbus Instruments International Corp). Individual and mean skin temperatures were computed by a data acquisition system, displayed at 1-second intervals, and recorded at 1-minute intervals.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexmedetomidine and Meperidine Additively Reduce the Shivering Threshold in Humans

Doufas

Lin

Suleman

et al. 2003

Stroke

147

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Background and Purpose-Hypothermia might prove to be therapeutically beneficial in stroke victims; however, even mild hypothermia provokes vigorous shivering. Meperidine and dexmedetomidine each linearly reduce the shivering threshold (triggering core temperature) with minimal sedation. We tested the hypothesis that meperidine and dexmedetomidine synergistically reduce the shivering threshold without producing substantial sedation or respiratory depression. Methods-We studied 10 healthy male volunteers (18 to 40 years) on 4 days: (1) control (no drug); (2) meperidine (target plasma level 0.3 g/mL); (3) dexmedetomidine (target plasma level 0.4 ng/mL); and (4) meperidine plus dexmedetomidine (target plasma levels of 0.3 g/mL and 0.4 ng/mL, respectively). Lactated Ringer's solution (Ϸ4°C) was infused through a central venous catheter to decrease tympanic membrane temperature by Ϸ2.5°C/h; mean skin temperature was maintained at 31°C. An increase in oxygen consumption Ͼ25% of baseline identified the shivering threshold. Sedation was evaluated by using the Observer's Assessment of Sedation/Alertness scale. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to identify interactions between drugs. Data are presented as meanϮSD; PϽ0.05 was statistically significant. Results-The shivering thresholds on the study days were as follows: control, 36.7Ϯ0.3°C; dexmedetomidine, 36.0Ϯ0.5°C (PϽ0.001 from control); meperidine, 35.5Ϯ0.6°C (PϽ0.001); and meperidine plus dexmedetomidine, 34.7Ϯ0.6°C (PϽ0.001). Although meperidine and dexmedetomidine each reduced the shivering threshold, their interaction was not synergistic but additive (Pϭ0.19). There was trivial sedation with either drug alone or in combination. Respiratory rate and end-tidal PCO 2 were well preserved on all days. Conclusions-Dexmedetomidine and meperidine additively reduce the shivering threshold; in the small doses tested, the combination produced only mild sedation and no respiratory toxicity.

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Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexmedetomidine and Meperidine Additively Reduce the Shivering Threshold in Humans

Doufas

Lin

Suleman

et al. 2003

Stroke

147

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“…This effect promotes analgesia and avoids the adverse effects of xylazine, such as respiratory depression. Without an insulating thermal blanket, body temperature decreased after anaesthetic administration; this may have been caused by the abdominal surgery (Carli et al, 1982), or by the potential effects of isoflurane on the thermotaxic centre (Sessler et al, 1991). General anaesthesia inhibits metabolism, leading to a decreased metabolic rate and the inhibition of skeletal muscle activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ketamine/xylazine premedication on emulsified isoflurane general anaesthesia in swine undergoing embryo transplantation

Jiang¹,

Hu²,

Fan³

et al. 2014

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Cardiorespiratory effects were assessed during ketamine/xylazine premedication followed by emulsified isoflurane anaesthesia in swine undergoing experimental embryo transplantation. Ketamine (10 mg/kg) and xylazine (3.5 mg/kg) were premedicated intravenously, followed by continuous administration of intravenous emulsified isoflurane (2.8 ml/kg/h). Cardiorespiratory parameters, including heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, and rectal temperature, were recorded in sows undergoing surgical embryo transplantation. Ketamine/xylazine premedication resulted in anaesthetic induction and lateral recumbency within 1 minute without any adverse effects. The physiological changes observed after drug administration remained within biologically acceptable limits. In conclusion, the combination of ketamine/xylazine provided anaesthetic induction, muscle relaxation, and analgesia sufficient for emulsified isoflurane intravenous anaesthesia. There were no adverse events in the experimental animals. This finding supports the use of emulsified isoflurane following ketamine/xylazine premedication in pigs.

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“…26,27 On the arm-warming day, lower-arm and hand temperatures were excluded from the calculation of mean skin temperature; similarly, facial temperature was excluded from the calculation of mean skin temperature on the face-warming day. Air temperature inside the mask was measured by a thermocouple hanging freely within the mask space, whereas facial skin temperature was measured by a thermocouple attached to the volunteer's cheek.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neither Arm nor Face Warming Reduces the Shivering Threshold in Unanesthetized Humans

Doufas

Wadhwa

Lin

et al. 2003

Stroke

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Isoflurane-induced Vasodilation Minimally Increases Cutaneous Heat Loss

Cited by 130 publications

References 0 publications

Dexmedetomidine and Meperidine Additively Reduce the Shivering Threshold in Humans

Dexmedetomidine and Meperidine Additively Reduce the Shivering Threshold in Humans

Effects of ketamine/xylazine premedication on emulsified isoflurane general anaesthesia in swine undergoing embryo transplantation

Neither Arm nor Face Warming Reduces the Shivering Threshold in Unanesthetized Humans

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