Isoenzymatic genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus from dairy cattle and human clinical environments reveal evolutionary divergences

Abstract

Background The genetic variability of 610 S. aureus isolates from the hands of professional dentists (A), dental clinic environment air (B), bovine milk from cows with and without mastitis (C), an insufflator for milking equipment (D) and milking environment air (E) was studied by isoenzyme genotyping and genetic and cluster analysis.Results Monoclonal and polyclonal patterns of S. aureus were detected in every bacterial population; however, isolates belonging to the same strain were not found among the populations, suggesting the genetic heterogeneity and the intrapopulation spread of strains. Genetic relationship analysis revealed the co-existence of highly related strains at low frequency among populations.Conclusion The data suggest that some strains can adapt and colonize new epidemiologically unrelated habitats. Consequently, the occurrence of an epidemiological genotypic identity can assume a dynamic character (spread to new habitats), however infrequently. A tendency of microevolutionary and genetic divergences among populations of S. aureus from human sources (AB) and bovine milk (DE), and especially the mammary quarter (C), is also suggested. This research can contribute to the knowledge on the distribution and dissemination of strains and the implementation of control measures and eradication of S. aureus in important dental clinic environments, as well as animal environments and dairy production.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Syzygium cumini leaves and their potential effects on odontogenic pathogens and biofilms

“…In addition, the existence of S. mutans and S. oralis or S. aureus and S. epidermidis in double-species biofilm was confirmed by the screening assay using controls of biofilm development and selective and differential culture media. The bacterial biofilms had their different surfaces scraped off, and were suspended in buffer, serially diluted, spread in plate and properly incubated: TYCSB agar for S. mutans (TYCSB Agar Base; Tryptone Yeast Extract (Boriollo et al, 2018). All species were qualitatively detected experimentally (data not shown).…”

“…The bacterial biofilms had their different surfaces scraped off, and were suspended in buffer, serially diluted, spread in plate and properly incubated: TYCSB agar for S. mutans (TYCSB Agar Base; Tryptone Yeast Extract Cystine w/Sucrose & w/o Bacitracin Agar Base, Cat.# M1975, HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai, India), blood agar for S. oralis ( Wang et al, 2020 ), CHROMagar™ Staphylococcus (CHROMagar™ and Rambach™, Paris, France) and coagulase test for S. aureus and S. epidermidis ( Boriollo et al, 2018 ). All species were qualitatively detected experimentally (data not shown).…”

Hands as a Potential Vector for Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Polyclonal Strains in Dental Clinical Environments

“…MLEE method (multilocus enzyme electrophoresis) or isoenzymatic typing was used to examine the genetic relationship between two groups of organisms. Bacterial cultures, enzymatic extraction and electrophoresis and specific enzymatic staining were performed as previously described [13]. The enzymatic activities that will be analyzed included: alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.…”

“…Each unique combination of alleles on the examined enzyme locus has resulted in a subtype or electrophoretic (ET) type. The percentage of polymorphic locus, the average number of alleles per locus and the average number of alleles per polymorphic locus were also determined [13].…”