Ischemic Heart Disease and Its Related Factors in Mongolia: A Nationwide Survey

Abstract

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains one of the most important disorders associated with disability and mortality worldwide, and is one of the major causes of cardiovascular diseases in Mongolia. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence of IHD and its related factors in a general population in Mongolia. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey between March and September, 2009. General participants were recruited from urban to rural regions in a multistage random cluster sampling method. The diagnosis of IHD was based on the Rose questionnaire (World Health Organization) and electrocardiographic findings. A total of 369 (16.2 %) subjects with IHD were diagnosed among 2,280 participants. The prevalence of subjects with IHD was significantly increased by age: from 9.9 % in individuals age 40-44 years compared to 17.7 % in those over 60 years. Smoking habits (former and current) and non-frequent intake of fruits and vegetables were significantly positively associated with IHD in men, while heavy alcohol drinking habits and lower education period of time were significantly positively associated with IHD in women. IHD was found to be prevalent, especially among people aged over 40 years, in Mongolia. Statistical factors related to IHD were found to be significantly different based on sex. The current data may provide relevant information to prevent IHD in the Mongolian population.

A systematic review of associations between non-communicable diseases and socioeconomic status within low- and lower-middle-income countries

“…Overall, 11 papers reported significant findings suggesting that lower SES groups had higher CVD risk, including seven studies from India, [ 52 , 55 - 57 , 62 , 64 , 67 ] two from the Eastern Mediterranean countries of Morocco [ 60 ], and Pakistan [ 69 ], and two from the Western Pacific countries of Mongolia [ 53 ] and Vietnam [ 54 ]. By contrast, four papers reported significant findings suggesting that higher SES groups had worse CVD outcomes, representing findings from three Southeast Asian countries (Bangladesh [ 44 ], Indonesia [ 58 ], India [ 68 ], and Burkina Faso [ 59 ]).…”

New observations regarding Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer in Mongolia

“…On average, their body mass index is relatively high. [21][22][23] A previous study among 208 non-gastric cancer dyspeptic non-gastric cancer patients showed approximately 70% were infected with H. pylori. 24 The present study was designed to identify cancer risk factors in Mongolia 25 to assist in developing a screening strategy for individuals at increased risk.…”

“…According to a nationwide survey conducted in accordance with international standards by World Health Organization for non‐communicable disease risk factors, the Mongolian diet contains a high proportion of animal fat and red meat with high salt usage with lower amounts of vegetables and fruit. On average, their body mass index is relatively high . A previous study among 208 non‐gastric cancer dyspeptic non‐gastric cancer patients showed approximately 70% were infected with H. pylori .…”

Epidemiologic Features of Metabolic Syndrome in a General Mongolian Population

“…11,15,16 These factors may be crucial in the study of metabolic syndrome and correlated risks, 17 but the association between these factors, including SES, and metabolic syndrome remains to be examined in Mongolia. The purpose of the present study was to observe the epidemiologic features of metabolic syndrome (with the IDF criteria) in a general Mongolian population, by using a dataset from a nationwide large-scale population-based cohort study in Mongolia.…”