Is the ubiquitous distribution real for marine gastrotrichs? Detection of areas of endemism using Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE)

Garraffoni, André Rinaldo Senna; Balsamo, Maria

doi:10.2988/17-00011

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The Brazilian coast represents a potentially important area for the discovery of new species, and it is worth noting that this region is of particular interest in the study of marine meiofauna and the diversity of Gastrotricha, as recorded in previous studies [2,34,35,[51][52][53][54]. We emphasize the importance of investigating new geographic areas in order to improve our understanding of morphological diversity and the species richness of gastrotrich species.…”

Section: Conclusive Remarksmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The majority of marine gastrotrich sampling sites are in the Northern Hemisphere [51], while in tropical countries the investigated areas are very scattered [14,16,17,30,52]. The Brazilian coast is poorly sampled, although it shows a high diversity of marine gastrotrichs, according to current literature [5,51]. In terms of knowledge of Turbanellidae diversity from Brazil, there are at least four candidate species to be formally described (one Turbanella species and three Paraturbanella species) from the north coast of São Paulo State [34,35].…”

Section: Conclusive Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Species of Paraturbanella Remane, 1927 (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from the Brazilian Coast, and the Molecular Phylogeny of Turbanellidae Remane, 1926

2020

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The family Turbanellidae includes Paraturbanella and five other genera. Despite the fact that the monophyly of these genera were not satisfactorily tested, species belonging to the genus Paraturbanella are distinguished from turbanellids by sharing a peculiar group of tubes on the ventrolateral side of the anterior pharyngeal region known as “dohrni” tubes. In this study, Paraturbanella tricaudata species nova (sp. nov.) from the intertidal zone of a sandy beach in Trindade (Rio de Janeiro State) and the sublittoral sand of Prumirim Island (São Paulo State), Brazil, is described. The new species can be distinguished from all other Paraturbanella species by the presence of three caudal cones (one medial and two laterals to it) and peculiar arrangement of the male system. This is the first description of a Paraturbanella species from Brazil and the third registered from the Southern Hemisphere (as opposed to 19 species in the Northern Hemisphere); thus, knowledge of marine gastrotrichs biodiversity in this region is far from satisfactory.

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Section: Conclusive Remarksmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Conclusive Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Species of Paraturbanella Remane, 1927 (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from the Brazilian Coast, and the Molecular Phylogeny of Turbanellidae Remane, 1926

2020

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“…Added to the limited available morphological traits for species delimitation and the presence of morphologically similar species, sampling biases might also contribute to the erroneous assumption of a cosmopolitan distribution of a species. Information on species distribution is often biased by sampling localities and intensity (Leasi and Norenburg 2016;Garraffoni and Balsamo 2017;Rinaldo et al 2017). For instance, the higher diversity of meiofaunal species from European waters likely reflects a sampling artefact due to research traditions (Fontaneto et al 2009;Jörger et al 2014).…”

Section: Literature Survey -Description and General Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine connectivity dynamics: clarifying cosmopolitan distributions of marine interstitial invertebrates and the meiofauna paradox

2018

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Many interstitial species were first described as widely distributed, often cosmopolitan or amphi-oceanic, contrasting with descriptions of a sedentary life style and the general absence of pelagic dispersal stages. These inconsistencies became known as the "meiofauna paradox". In this review we present a literature review investigating these inconsistencies and address the assumptions of the meiofauna paradox. We break the paradox down to two aspects including species distribution and dispersal. Focusing on distribution, we demonstrate that wide distributions are seldom given and false records likely stem from biological phenomena like stasis or recent speciation. These phenomena account for morphological similarity, ultimately represented by the pronounced occurrence of cryptic species with restricted distribution ranges. Additionally, taxonomic artefacts such as the erroneous application of taxonomic keys contribute to the report of widely distributed species. Considering dispersal, we point out the mismatch between traditional assumptions of meiofaunal sedentarism and growing experimental and empirical evidences suggesting higher dispersal potential. These evidences include not only indications for dispersal by pelagic stages, but further consider ecological and life-history traits in shaping distribution ranges. We conclude that the meiofauna paradox sensu strictu most likely does not exist and provide a roadmap for future research, suggesting a focus on morphological similarity and marine connectivity. Meiofaunal research should concentrate on evolutionary factors resulting in morphological similarity, improving the taxonomic resolution of species complexes and conducting more sophisticated experimental experiments to meiofaunal dispersal. In all cases meiofaunal research will benefit from high-throughput sequencing such as genome scanning approaches, metagenomics or metatranscriptomics.

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“…Marine Macrodasyida are widely distributed along coastlines of the world and some level of endemism can be found in the North Hemisphere 22 . However, the levels of diversity and endemism of freshwater macrodasyids are considerably lower than in marine ones and, until now, no hypothesis or factor was presented to shed light on this great faunistic heterogeneity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative taxonomy of a new Redudasys species (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida) sheds light on the invasion of fresh water habitats by macrodasyids

Garraffoni

Araújo

Lourenço

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The order Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) includes over 350 marine species, and only 3 freshwater species (Marinellina flagellata, Redudasys fornerise, R. neotemperatus). Herein we describe a new freshwater species of Macrodasyida, Redudasys brasiliensis sp. nov., from Brazil through an integrative taxonomic approach. The external morphology and internal anatomy were investigated using differential interference contrast microscopy, confocal microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The systematization of the new taxon was inferred by nuclear (18S and 28S) and mitochondrial (COI) genes, and its intra-order relationships were assessed using data from most of available macrodasyids. Phylogenetic analyses yielded congruent trees, in which the new taxon is nested within the family Redudasyidae, but it was genetically distinct from the other species of the genus Redudasys. The new species shares the gross morphology and reproductive traits with other Redudasyidae and the presence of only 1 anterior adhesive tube per side with Redudasys neotemperatus, but it has a specific pattern of ventral ciliation and muscle organization. Results support the hypothesis that dispersion into fresh water habitats by Macrodasyida and Chaetonotida taxa occurred independently and that within Macrodasyida a single lineage invaded the freshwater environment only once. Furthermore, the Neotropical region seems to be peculiar for the evolution of the freshwater macrodasyid clade.

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Is the ubiquitous distribution real for marine gastrotrichs? Detection of areas of endemism using Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE)

Cited by 15 publications

References 59 publications

A New Species of Paraturbanella Remane, 1927 (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from the Brazilian Coast, and the Molecular Phylogeny of Turbanellidae Remane, 1926

A New Species of Paraturbanella Remane, 1927 (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from the Brazilian Coast, and the Molecular Phylogeny of Turbanellidae Remane, 1926

Marine connectivity dynamics: clarifying cosmopolitan distributions of marine interstitial invertebrates and the meiofauna paradox

Integrative taxonomy of a new Redudasys species (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida) sheds light on the invasion of fresh water habitats by macrodasyids

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