Is the Functional Threshold Power a Valid Surrogate of the Lactate Threshold?

Morales, Javier S.; Foster, Carl; Lucía, Alejandro; Villa, Pedro de la

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2018-0008

Cited by 37 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In accordance with the t lim observed in the present study, a strong agreement between RCP and the mean PO during a 20-min test has been previously reported [ 22 ]. Our group recently demonstrated a good agreement between the FTP and the lactate threshold determined with the ‘D-max’ method [ 23 ]. The D-max has also been reported to have a strong correlation ( r = 0.97) with the MLSS [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to Exhaustion at the Respiratory Compensation Point in Recreational Cyclists

Moral-González

González-Sánchez

Merino

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The time to exhaustion (tlim) at the respiratory compensation point (RCP) and whether a physiological steady state is observed at this workload remains unknown. Thus, this study analyzed tlim at the power output eliciting the RCP (tlim at RCP), the oxygen uptake (VO2) response to this effort, and the influence of endurance fitness. Sixty male recreational cyclists (peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak] 40–60 mL∙kg∙min−1) performed an incremental test to determine the RCP, VO2peak, and maximal aerobic power (MAP). They also performed constant-load tests to determine the tlim at RCP and tlim at MAP. Participants were divided based on their VO2peak into a low-performance group (LP, n = 30) and a high-performance group (HP, n = 30). The tlim at RCP averaged 20 min 32 s ± 5 min 42 s, with a high between-subject variability (coefficient of variation 28%) but with no differences between groups (p = 0.788, effect size = 0.06). No consistent relationships were found between the tlim at RCP and the different fitness markers analyzed (RCP, power output (PO) at RCP, VO2peak, MAP, or tlim at MAP; all p > 0.05). VO2 remained steady overall during the tlim test, although a VO2 slow component (i.e., an increase in VO2 >200 mL·min−1 from the third min to the end of the tests) was present in 33% and 40% of the participants in HP and LP, respectively. In summary, the PO at RCP could be maintained for about 20 min. However, there was a high between-subject variability in both the tlim and in the VO2 response to this effort that seemed to be independent of fitness level, which raises concerns on the suitability of this test for fitness assessment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to Exhaustion at the Respiratory Compensation Point in Recreational Cyclists

Moral-González

González-Sánchez

Merino

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…This is pertinent as many regard MLSS to be the criterion measure for tolerable exercise 2 . Furthermore, although cross-sectional comparisons between FTP95% and other markers of performance have been made [5][6][7]9 , no study has evaluated the ability or sensitivity of the FTP95% test to track changes in fitness level on a longitudinal basis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximal Lactate Steady State Versus the 20-Minute Functional Threshold Power Test in Well-Trained Individuals: “Watts” the Big Deal?

Inglis¹,

Iannetta²,

Passfield³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose: To (1) compare the power output (PO) for both the 20-minute functional threshold power (FTP20) field test and the calculated 95% (FTP95%) with PO at maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and (2) evaluate the sensitivity of FTP95% and MLSS to training-induced changes. Methods: Eighteen participants (12 males: 37 [6] y and 6 females: 28 [6] y) performed a ramp-incremental cycling test to exhaustion, 2 to 3 constant-load MLSS trials, and an FTP20 test. A total of 10 participants returned to repeat the test series after 7 months of training. Results: The PO at FTP20 and FTP95% was greater than that at MLSS (P = .00), with the PO at MLSS representing 88.5% (4.8%) and 93.1% (5.1%) of FTP and FTP95%, respectively. MLSS was greater at POST compared with PRE training (12 [8] W) (P = .002). No increase was observed in mean PO at FTP20 and FTP95% (P = .75). Conclusions: The results indicate that the PO at FTP95% is different to MLSS, and that changes in the PO at MLSS after training were not reflected by FTP95%. Even when using an adjusted percentage (ie, 88% rather than 95% of FTP20), the large variability in the data is such that it would not be advisable to use this as a representation of MLSS.

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“…It is also the key metric in a series of calculations of training load and exercise intensity (i.e., training stress score [TSS], intensity factor [IF]) [6]. Moreover, FTP is used as an indirect and practical estimate of the anaerobic threshold (AnT) and maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) [7][8][9]. Due to the long test duration (i.e., 60 min), it was suggested that the FTP might be determined as 95 % of the mean PO in a 20-min TT (FTP 20 ) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent concern in sports sciences is the applicability of the tests developed for athletes in the "real world" [20]. Recent studies [7][8][9] have investigated the validity of the FTP 20 test with AnT, MLSS, and FTP 60 . Overall, trivial differences (bias) were found between FTP 20 (original warm-up) with FTP 60 , AnT, and MLSS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, trivial differences (bias) were found between FTP 20 (original warm-up) with FTP 60 , AnT, and MLSS. These metrics were moderately to almost perfectly correlated (r = 0.61 to 0.91), despite the individual variability in the prediction (limits of agreement [LoA] of 95 % = 7.8-27.5 %) [7][8][9]. However, the tests should be reliable to detect the smallest worthwhile physiological or performance changes; reliability is a prerequisite for test validity because a measure that is not reproducible is not considered valid [2,3,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability of the Functional Threshold Power in Competitive Cyclists

2020

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Functional threshold power (FTP) is defined as the highest power that a cyclist can maintain in a quasi-steady state without fatigue for approximately 1 hour. To improve practicality, a 20-minute time-trial test was proposed, where FTP is represented by 95% of the mean power produced. It is preceded by a specific 45-min warm-up, with periods of low intensity, fast accelerations, and a 5-min time-trial. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the reliability of this protocol, including the reliability of the warm-up, pacing strategy, and FTP determination. For this purpose, 25 trained cyclists performed a familiarization and two other tests separated by seven days. The coefficient of variation (CV [%]), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and change in the mean between test and retest were calculated. The results show that the 20-min time-trial was reliable (CV=2.9%, ICC=0.97), despite a less reliable warm-up (CV=5.5%, ICC=0.84). The changes in the mean between the test and retest were trivial to small for all measurements, and the pacing strategy was consistent across all trials. These results suggest that FTP determination with a 20-min protocol was reliable in trained cyclists.

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Is the Functional Threshold Power a Valid Surrogate of the Lactate Threshold?

Cited by 37 publications

References 32 publications

Time to Exhaustion at the Respiratory Compensation Point in Recreational Cyclists

Time to Exhaustion at the Respiratory Compensation Point in Recreational Cyclists

Maximal Lactate Steady State Versus the 20-Minute Functional Threshold Power Test in Well-Trained Individuals: “Watts” the Big Deal?

Reliability of the Functional Threshold Power in Competitive Cyclists

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