Is the area of the orbital opening in humans related to climate?

Tomaszewska, Agnieszka; Kwiatkowska, Barbara; Jankauskas, Rimantas

doi:10.1002/ajhb.22735

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Franciscus and Long (72), Roseman (79), Noback et al, (78) and Tomaszewska et al (83) suggest that climate affects cranial morphology, suggesting in particular that face shape is reflective of temperature variation. Nutrition and socioeconomic status have also been suggested to affect bone morphology and levels of sexual dimorphism (12,(85)(86)(87)(88)(89)(90)(91).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the functional constraints of childbirth and sexual selection forces involved in the evolution of cranial traits, environmental variables may also have a role in either os coxae or cranium shape. Climate has been proposed to affect both pelvic and cranial morphology . For example, Ruff and Betti et al show that bi‐iliac breadth varies between populations of different latitudes given eco‐geographic principles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Investigation into the Relationship between Human Cranial and Pelvic Sexual Dimorphism

Best

Garvin

Cabo

2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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When faced with commingled remains, it might be assumed that a more "masculine" pelvis is associated with a more "masculine" cranium, but this relationship has not been specifically tested. This study uses geometric morphometric analyses of pelvic and cranial landmarks to assess whether there is an intra-individual relationship between the degrees of sexual expression in these two skeletal regions. Principal component and discriminant function scores were used to assess sexual dimorphism in 113 U.S. Black individuals. Correlation values and partial least squares regression (PLS) were used to evaluate intra-individual relationships. Results indicate that the os coxae is more sexually dimorphic than the cranium, with element shape being more sexually dimorphic than size. PLS and correlation results suggest no significant intra-individual relationship between pelvic and cranial sexual size or shape expression. Thus, in commingled situations, associations between these skeletal elements cannot be inferred based on degree of "masculinity."

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation into the Relationship between Human Cranial and Pelvic Sexual Dimorphism

Best

Garvin

Cabo

2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…In humans, temperature diversity showed a strong signature on postcranial anatomy, associated mainly to body size (Auerbach, ; Ruff, ), limb proportions (Béguelin, ; Holliday, ; Pearson, ), and hand and foot proportions (Betti, Lycett, von Cramon‐Taubadel, & Pearson, ). Nevertheless, cranial structures such as the cranial vault (Katz et al, ; Pan et al, ), facial skeleton size (Bernal et al, ; Hubbe, Hanihara, & Harvati, ), facial skeleton shape (Evteev, Cardini, Morozova, & O'higgins, ; Harvati & Weaver, ), temporal bone size (Smith, Terhune, & Lockwood, ), orbital area (Tomaszewska, Kwiatkowska, & Jankauskas, ), maxillar and zygomatic bones (Cui & Leclercq, ; Maddux & Butaric, ), and nasal cavity shape (Franciscus & Long, ; Noback et al, ) also showed a significant association with temperature diversity. In general terms, individuals from cold climates have been characterized with larger and more robust skulls than individuals living at warmer temperatures (Beals, Smith, & Dodd, ; Béguelin, ; Hubbe et al, ; Katzmarzyk & Leonard, ; Perez & Monteiro, ; Roseman, ; Smith et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate climate signature in cranial anatomy of late holocene human populations from Southern South America

Menéndez

2017

American J Phys Anthropol

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These results suggest that climate factors may have had a partial impact on the facial and vault shape, and therefore contributed moderately to the diversification of southern South American populations, while diet and altitude might have had a stronger impact. Therefore, cranial variation at the southern cone has been shaped both by random and nonrandom factors. Particularly, the influence of climate on skull shape has probably been the result of directional selection. This study supports that, although cranial vault is the cranial structure more associated to mean annual temperature, the impact of climate signature on morphology decreases when populations from extreme cold environments are excluded from the analysis. Additionally, it shows that the extent of the geographical scales analyzed, as well as differential sampling may lead to different results regarding the role of ecological factors and evolutionary processes on cranial morphology.

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“…Nevertheless, it is difficult to disentangle the effects of climate, diet, disease, and inbreeding in most anthropological studies. Recently, Tomaszewska et al [138] suggested that symmetry of the orbital opening may be related to climate, with fluctuating asymmetry transitioning to directional asymmetry as one travels from warmer to colder climates. Nevertheless, the degrees of freedom in this study are inflated by the pooling of 846 skulls from several populations across Europe into three categories-warm, temperate, and cold.…”

Section: Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuating Asymmetry of Human Populations: A Review

Graham

Özener

2016

Symmetry

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Fluctuating asymmetry, the random deviation from perfect symmetry, is a widely used population-level index of developmental instability, developmental noise, and robustness. It reflects a population's state of adaptation and genomic coadaptation. Here, we review the literature on fluctuating asymmetry of human populations. The most widely used bilateral traits include skeletal, dental, and facial dimensions; dermatoglyphic patterns and ridge counts; and facial shape. Each trait has its advantages and disadvantages, but results are most robust when multiple traits are combined into a composite index of fluctuating asymmetry (CFA). Both environmental (diet, climate, toxins) and genetic (aneuploidy, heterozygosity, inbreeding) stressors have been linked to population-level variation in fluctuating asymmetry. In general, these stressors increase average fluctuating asymmetry. Nevertheless, there have been many conflicting results, in part because (1) fluctuating asymmetry is a weak signal in a sea of noise; and (2) studies of human fluctuating asymmetry have not always followed best practices. The most serious concerns are insensitive asymmetry indices (correlation coefficient and coefficient of indetermination), inappropriate size scaling, unrecognized mixture distributions, inappropriate corrections for directional asymmetry, failure to use composite indices, and inattention to measurement error. Consequently, it is often difficult (or impossible) to compare results across traits, and across studies.

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Is the area of the orbital opening in humans related to climate?

Abstract: These data may support the hypothesized association between size of the orbital opening and adaptation to different climatic conditions, but only in males.

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

An Investigation into the Relationship between Human Cranial and Pelvic Sexual Dimorphism

An Investigation into the Relationship between Human Cranial and Pelvic Sexual Dimorphism

Moderate climate signature in cranial anatomy of late holocene human populations from Southern South America

Fluctuating Asymmetry of Human Populations: A Review

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