Is recycled newspaper suitable for food contact materials? Technical grade mineral oils from printing inks

Biedermann, Maurus; Grob, Koni

doi:10.1007/s00217-010-1223-9

Cited by 121 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It enables characterisation of the mineral oil products by molecular mass range as well as presence or absence of n-alkanes, but it is far removed from achieving resolution into individual substances. It is used to determine the sum of the MOSH or MOAH, potentially with specified molecular mass ranges Biedermann and Grob, 2010). Commonly short columns with thin films of non-polar stationary phase are used.…”

Section: Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons in Food

2012

EFS2

102

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Consumers are exposed to a range of mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) via food. Mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) consist of linear and branched alkanes, and alkyl-substituted cyclo-alkanes, whilst mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) include mainly alkyl-substituted polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Products, commonly specified according to their physico-chemical properties, may differ in chemical composition depending on the oil source. Technical grade MOH contain 15 -35 % MOAH, which is minimised in food grade MOSH (white oils). Major sources of MOH in food are food packaging and additives, processing aids, and lubricants. Estimated MOSH exposure ranged from 0.03 to 0.3 mg/kg b.w. per day, with higher exposure in children. Specific production practices of bread and grains may provide additional MOSH exposure. Except for white oils, exposure to MOAH is about 20 % of that of MOSH. Absorption of alkanes with carbon number above C 35 is negligible. Branched and cyclic alkanes are less efficiently oxidised than n-alkanes. MOSH from C 16 to C 35 may accumulate and cause microgranulomas in several tissues including lymph nodes, spleen and liver. Hepatic microgranulomas associated with inflammation in Fischer 344 rats were considered the critical effect. The no-observed-adverse-effect level for induction of liver microgranulomas by the most potent MOSH, 19 mg/kg b.w. per day, was used as a Reference Point for calculating margins of exposure (MOEs) for background MOSH exposure. MOEs ranged from 59 to 680. Hence, background exposure to MOSH via food in 1 On request from the European Commission, Question No EFSA-Q-2010-00170, adopted on 3 May 2012. 2 SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) in Food. Mineral oil hydrocarbons occur in food both as a result of contamination and from various intentional uses in food production. In order to assess the need for possible regulatory measures as regards MOH in food, EFSA was requested to assess the risks related to their occurrence in food. More specifically, the opinion should evaluate whether new toxicity data are available and whether the current acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) are still applicable, explore whether certain classes (or subclasses) of MOH are more relevant due to their toxicity or to differences in the way they are metabolised by the human body, and identify the different background sources, other than from adulteration or misuse, of MOH occurrence in food. In addition a dietary exposure assessment was requested for the general population and for specific subgroups of the population (e.g. infants, children and people following specific diets), by taking into account the background occurrence of MOH in food. Included in the request was also to advise on MOH and food classes to be included if monitoring were to be set up for their presence in food.The scientific literature and other sources were s...

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Section: Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 14: Migration of mineral oil from recycled board into rice (adapted from Biedermann and Grob, 2010).…”

Section: Corn Flakes In Box Cereals For Babiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons in Food

2012

EFS2

102

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“…Traditionally non-volatile solvents are used in conventional offset printing techniques (Silverberg, 1995;Biedermann et al, 2010). Vegetable oils can be also be used as alternative solvents to mineral oils in offset printing and more recently, further solvents based on fatty acid ester have been introduced (Richter et al, 2009).…”

Section: Solvents Based Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food contact materials and articles: Printing Inks

et al. 2012

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“…aluminum or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are frequently contaminated at concentrations far above the acceptable level. 1 This paper presents data on the mineral oil content of various paper and board materials fed into the recycling process in order to identify the main sources and to obtain data on whether or to what extent the problem could be solved by a more adequate selection of the starting materials. Particular emphasis is placed on newspapers and on the question whether existing alternative printing inks could solve the problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The concentration of the mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) of a molecular mass up to that of C 28 , then considered to be suffi ciently volatile to enable signifi cant transfer to dry food through the gas phase, varied from 200 to 810 mg/kg, with a mean of 430 mg/kg. That of the mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) of analogous volatility ranged from 40 to 560 mg/kg, with a mean of 130 mg/kg; the MOAH constituted 21% of the mineral oil <C 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral oil contents in paper and board recycled to paperboard for food packaging

Biedermann¹,

Uematsu

Grob³

2010

Packag Technol Sci

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Types of paper and board fed into the recycling process to manufacture paperboard for food packaging were analysed for saturated and aromatic mineral oil hydrocarbons. The focus was on the hydrocarbons eluted from gas chromatography before n-C 24 , as these are relevant for migration into dry foods via the gas phase at ambient temperature. Newspapers and leafl ets printed by similar techniques were identifi ed as the predominant sources of mineral oil, whereas offi ce paper, books and corrugated board were the starting materials of lowest mineral oil content. Paperboard produced from the latter sources would contain about fi ve times less mineral oil than the average observed today, but the migration into food could still exceed the limit derived from the available acceptable daily intake by a factor of up to 20. On average, European newspapers produced by offset printing contained 4.1 g/kg

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Is recycled newspaper suitable for food contact materials? Technical grade mineral oils from printing inks

Cited by 121 publications

References 24 publications

Scientific Opinion on Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons in Food

Scientific Opinion on Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons in Food

Food contact materials and articles: Printing Inks

Mineral oil contents in paper and board recycled to paperboard for food packaging

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