Is microtropia a reliable indicator of the presence of amblyopia in anisometropic patients?

Lysons, Deborah; Tapley, Jane

doi:10.1080/09273972.2018.1503308

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…We hypothesized that coordination of binocular vision is disrupted in amblyopia, which will then lead to greater disconjugacy, and that disconjugacy of fast eye movements is a reflection of fixational instability under binocular viewing conditions in amblyopic patients. It would also suggest that the vergence is unstable in amblyopic patients and that the disconjugacy could be a measure of a microstrabismus as some studies have shown (Lysons & Tapley, 2018). We found that, unsurprisingly, disconjugacy is increased in amblyopia, in both monocular and binocular eye viewing conditions with the greatest increase under amblyopic eye viewing condition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Fixational eye movement waveforms in amblyopia: Characteristics of fast and slow eye movements

Kang

Beylergil

Otero‐Millan

et al. 2019

JEMR

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Fixational eye movements comprise of fast microsaccades alternating with slow inter-saccadic drifts. These physiologic eye movements play an important role in visual perception. Amblyopic patients are known to have fixation instability, particularly of the amblyopic eye. We examined eye movement abnormalities that contribute to this instability. We found that fixation stability is affected by the presence of fusion maldevelopment nystagmus (FMN). However, some amblyopes can have nystagmus without nasally directed slow phases and reversal in direction of the quick phase on ocular occlusion, features seen in FMN. In patients without nystagmus, we found increased amplitude of fixational saccades and inter-saccadic drifts. We categorized amblyopia patients by type (anisometropic, strabismic, or mixed) and eye movement waveform (no nystagmus, nystagmus without FMN, and FMN). We found specific fast and slow eye movement abnormalities of the fellow and amblyopic eye during fellow, amblyopic and both eyes viewing conditions across eye movement waveforms and types of amblyopia. These eye movement abnormalities can serve as biomarkers that can predict the impact of amblyopia as measured by visual acuity and stereopsis. Evaluation of fixational eye movements in amblyopia could be important to diagnose these common eye diseases and predict treatment effectiveness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Fixational eye movement waveforms in amblyopia: Characteristics of fast and slow eye movements

Kang

Beylergil

Otero‐Millan

et al. 2019

JEMR

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“…In patients with anisometropic amblyopia, occlusion therapy is usually initiated after no more VA improvement is observed in the amblyopic eye with optical treatment. A previous study however reported the possible need for occlusion therapy in anisometropic amblyopia patients with combined microstrabismus [13]. Although all the patients (with or without microstrabismus) in this study could achieve nal VA of 1.0 or better in the amblyopic eye, the 1.7-time longer TOT observed in the patients with microstrabismus suggested possible treatment resistance in these eyes with microstrabismus.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Factors affecting the total occlusion time in eyes with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia

Utamura

Wakayama

Matsumoto

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Purpose To investigate the factors that affected the total occlusion time (TOT) in eyes with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. Methods Subjects were 58 patients (26 boys and 32 girls; age range, 3.6-9.2, average, 5.8 ± 1.3 years) with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. All the subjects had initially visited and completed occlusion therapy with improved visual acuity (VA) of 1.0 (0.0 logMAR equivalent) or better in the amblyopic eye at Kindai University Hospital between January 2007 and March 2017. Using the subjects’ medical records, five factors for the TOT were evaluated retrospectively: the age at treatment, the initial VA of the amblyopic eye, refraction of the amblyopic eye, anisometropic disparity, and the presence of microstrabismus. Results The initial VA of the amblyopic eye ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 (median, 0.4). The TOT ranged from 140 to 1795 (median, 598) hours with an average daily occlusion time of 7 hours. The initial VA of the amblyopic eye and presence of microstrabismus were the influential factors for the TOT (p< 0.01). To achieve VA of 1.0 or better, patients with initial VA of ≤ 0.3 in the amblyopic eye required a longer TOT. Moreover, patients with concomitant microstrabismus required a 1.7-fold longer TOT compared to those without microstrabismus. Conclusion Patient’s initial VA and the presence of microstrabismus are the significant factors that affect the TOT.

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“…Lysons et al 29 divided 532 anisometropic children (4–5 years old) without manifest strabismus into 4 groups based on visual outcome. They evaluated the relationship between visual acuity after treatment and the results of the 4ΔBOT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Suppression Scotomas and Stereoacuity in Anisometropic Amblyopia With Successfully Treated Visual Acuity

Yagasaki

Yayoi³

et al. 2023

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among suppression scotoma size, stereoacuity, and four-prism base-out test (4ΔBOT) results in anisometropic amblyopia with successfully treated visual acuity. Methods We included 103 cases of anisometropic amblyopia successfully treated for visual acuity without strabismus. Stereoacuity was measured using a Randot Stereotest. The size of the suppression scotomas was measured using a new device, the polarized four dot (P4D) test. This is a modification of the Worth 4 dot test (W4D) device. The patients were divided into three groups based on the 4ΔBOT results: normal (group A = 29 cases), subnormal (group B = 48 cases), and abnormal (group C = 26 cases) response groups. The horizontal diameter of the suppression scotomas and stereoacuity in logarithmic values with a base of 20 seconds of arc (″) were compared among the 3 groups. Results The mean age at P4D testing was 8.4 ± 2.1 years. The average horizontal diameters of the suppression scotomas were 0.35 ± 0.79Δ, 2.01 ± 0.82Δ, and 5.50 ± 2.72Δ in groups A, B, and C, respectively, showing significant differences (A versus B: P < 0.0001, A versus C: P < 0.0001, and B versus C: P < 0.0001; 1-way ANOVA). The average logarithmic stereoacuity were 1.07 (24.95″), 1.22 (38.84″), and 1.47 (82.79″) in groups A, B, and C, respectively, thereby showing significant differences between the groups (A versus B: P < 0.0001, A versus C: P < 0.0001, and B versus C: P < 0.0001; 1-way ANOVA). Stereoacuity and horizontal diameter of the suppression scotoma were strongly correlated ( r = 0.732, P < 0.0001). Conclusions The suppression scotoma size measured using P4D correlated significantly with stereoacuity and the 4ΔBOT results.

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Is microtropia a reliable indicator of the presence of amblyopia in anisometropic patients?

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Fixational eye movement waveforms in amblyopia: Characteristics of fast and slow eye movements

Fixational eye movement waveforms in amblyopia: Characteristics of fast and slow eye movements

Factors affecting the total occlusion time in eyes with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia

Relationship Between Suppression Scotomas and Stereoacuity in Anisometropic Amblyopia With Successfully Treated Visual Acuity

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