“…Government expenditure was also relatively small as a share of GDP in the very early terms of trade episodes, limiting the ability to stimulate the economy. During the Federation and the Roaring Twenties episodes, there was a consensus among economists and policymakers that public expenditure only had a limited role in stabilising economic cycles (Garnaut 2005). 22 In the current episode, however, the larger size of the government ensures some buffer to activity via automatic stabilisers to the downturn in the terms of trade, and the attitude among some economists to a discretionary fiscal policy response has changed, particularly for spending on infrastructure (see, for example, Garnaut (2013) and Sheehan and Gregory (2013)).…”