Is genetically modified crop the answer for the next green revolution?

Basu, Saikat; Dutta, M.; Goyal, Aakash; Bhowmik, Pankaj; Kumar, Jitendra; Nandy, Sanjib; Scagliusi, Sandra Mansun; Prasad, R K

doi:10.4161/gmcr.1.2.11877

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Examples of genetically modified (GM) crops to boost agricultural production include resistance to pests, diseases, or environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage, or resistance to herbicides 5 6 . Additionally, there have been attempts to develop GM crops with an improved nutrient profile such as golden rice 7 .…”

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confidence: 99%

The resveratrol-enriched rice DJ526 boosts motor coordination and physical strength

Chung

Sharma

Kim

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The main objective of current genetic modifications in crops is to boost agricultural production or to develop GM crops with an improved nutrient profile by introducing a new trait to the plants. A GM crop surpassing the ability of the introduced genetic characteristics has not been developed yet. Here, we show that the resveratrol-enriched rice DJ526, a GM crop, has unexpectedly high beneficial health effects surpassing the introduced genetic characteristic of resveratrol synthetic ability. The synergistic effect of its innate and transgenic properties not only ameliorates age-related deterioration but also boosts motor coordination and physical strength during the aging process. The gene expression profiling analyses by DNA chip showed that the gene expression pattern of mice fed resveratrol-enriched rice DJ526 was very different from mice fed either resveratrol or Dongjin rice alone, respectively, modifying expression of genes related to aging regulation, cell differentiation, extracellular matrix, neurogenesis, or secretion.

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confidence: 99%

The resveratrol-enriched rice DJ526 boosts motor coordination and physical strength

Chung

Sharma

Kim

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Whereas agricultural biotechnology is widely considered as the key component of global food security in future (Basu et al. , Tester and Langridge , Moshelion and Altmann ), innovative agroecological schemes toward sustainable agroecosystems, potentially integrating novel crops, are hitherto neglected. A concept gaining increasing attention in the area of sustainable agroecosystems is the reversed shift from predominant annual to perennial grain crop production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preview of perennial grain agriculture: knowledge gain from biotic interactions in natural and agricultural ecosystems

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Compared to their annual analogues, perennial grain cropping systems provide various beneficial attributes for the environment and ecosystem services related to resource use efficiency, soil erosion, and soil conservation. However, there is only limited understanding of the multiple biotic interactions in perennial cropping systems and their potential effects on the crop, involving plant growth-promoting and pathogenic microorganisms, beneficial and detrimental faunal organisms below-and above-ground, weeds, and overall biodiversity effects. We use information from studies carried out in managed and natural perennial systems of analogous structure such as perennial energy crop production systems and grasslands to highlight and specify biotic interactions and processes, which potentially constitute advantages and constraints in developing perennial grain cropping systems. Concerning the relevance of soil microorganisms and potential perennial crop breeding goals, we focus on a range of plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere involved in biofertilization, phytostimulation, and biological control of soil pathogens. We consider relationships within the faunal community emphasizing arthropod pests and their natural enemies, as well as crop-weed interactions. Based on these outcomes and in comparison with annual systems, we discuss and compile benefits, options, and limitations of management of crop-associated biotic interactions and biodiversity, which might contribute to reproducible and sustainable effects of perennial grain crop productivity. We conclude that management strategies for perennial grain cropping systems depend much more on ecological processes and interactions operating in natural ecosystems than those in annual cropping systems. Consequently, the use of agrochemicals for pest, weed, and disease control, as well as the use of synthetic fertilizers, counteracts the principle functions of the system and would strongly degrade the potential of biotic benefits. We also found that there is only vague information on the long-term productivity and cultivation period of perennial grain crops, the specific management operations of replacement, and the potential development and management of weed and pest populations. Overall, an advanced understanding of interactions between the crop and its biotic environment provides the opportunity to manipulate specific functional traits of crop-associated organisms for improved management and crop productivity, but significant research challenges for implementation of perennial grain crops still remain.

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“…Among the key technologies, the most noteworthy is the development of high-yielding and semi-dwarf varieties in rice and wheat between the 1940s and late 1960s. This technology led to increased agricultural production and is known as the Green Revolution ( Khush, 1999 ; Basu et al, 2010 ). Because the improved varieties were resistant to lodging and were grown with appropriate chemical fertilization, they showed increased productivity per unit area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Overexpression Resources in Cereals for Functional Genomics and Discovery of Useful Genes

Abe

Ichikawa

2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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Identification and elucidation of functions of plant genes is valuable for both basic and applied research. In addition to natural variation in model plants, numerous loss-of-function resources have been produced by mutagenesis with chemicals, irradiation, or insertions of transposable elements or T-DNA. However, we may be unable to observe loss-of-function phenotypes for genes with functionally redundant homologs and for those essential for growth and development. To offset such disadvantages, gain-of-function transgenic resources have been exploited. Activation-tagged lines have been generated using obligatory overexpression of endogenous genes by random insertion of an enhancer. Recent progress in DNA sequencing technology and bioinformatics has enabled the preparation of genomewide collections of full-length cDNAs (fl-cDNAs) in some model species. Using the fl-cDNA clones, a novel gain-of-function strategy, Fl-cDNA OvereXpressor gene (FOX)-hunting system, has been developed. A mutant phenotype in a FOX line can be directly attributed to the overexpressed fl-cDNA. Investigating a large population of FOX lines could reveal important genes conferring favorable phenotypes for crop breeding. Alternatively, a unique loss-of-function approach Chimeric REpressor gene Silencing Technology (CRES-T) has been developed. In CRES-T, overexpression of a chimeric repressor, composed of the coding sequence of a transcription factor (TF) and short peptide designated as the repression domain, could interfere with the action of endogenous TF in plants. Although plant TFs usually consist of gene families, CRES-T is effective, in principle, even for the TFs with functional redundancy. In this review, we focus on the current status of the gene-overexpression strategies and resources for identifying and elucidating novel functions of cereal genes. We discuss the potential of these research tools for identifying useful genes and phenotypes for application in crop breeding.

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Is genetically modified crop the answer for the next green revolution?

Cited by 23 publications

References 86 publications

The resveratrol-enriched rice DJ526 boosts motor coordination and physical strength

The resveratrol-enriched rice DJ526 boosts motor coordination and physical strength

A preview of perennial grain agriculture: knowledge gain from biotic interactions in natural and agricultural ecosystems

Gene Overexpression Resources in Cereals for Functional Genomics and Discovery of Useful Genes

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