Is Exposure to Aluminum a Risk Factor for the Development of Alzheimer Disease?—Yes

Landscape-Scale Mining and Water Management in a Hyper-Arid Catchment: The Cuajone Mine, Moquegua, Southern Peru

“…Irregular seasonality affecting water chemistry, through the erosion and concentration of trace metal containing silts, further complicates water resource allocation and treatment. Elevated concentrations of Al in drinking water is often considered to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease, with prolonged exposure leading to systematic toxicity and renal failure; increased Fe and Mn is associated with aesthetic problems such as the staining of laundry, and an unpleasant smell and taste [93,94]; and elevated As concentrations in drinking water is associated with skin, liver and kidney cancers [95,96]. Our data show that harmful hydro-chemistry, derived from elevated levels of Al, Fe, Mn, and As, is found to be highly variable across the sample site network and period of work.…”

Landscape-Scale Mining and Water Management in a Hyper-Arid Catchment: The Cuajone Mine, Moquegua, Southern Peru

“…Irregular seasonality affecting water chemistry, through the erosion and concentration of trace metal containing silts, further complicates water resource allocation and treatment. Elevated concentrations of Al in drinking water is often considered to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease, with prolonged exposure leading to systematic toxicity and renal failure; increased Fe and Mn is associated with aesthetic problems such as the staining of laundry, and an unpleasant smell and taste [93,94]; and elevated As concentrations in drinking water is associated with skin, liver and kidney cancers [95,96]. Our data show that harmful hydro-chemistry, derived from elevated levels of Al, Fe, Mn, and As, is found to be highly variable across the sample site network and period of work.…”

Aluminum and Alzheimer's Disease: After a Century of Controversy, Is there a Plausible Link?

“…The study which the ATSDR uses to back their conclusion on the safety of antiperspirant use dates back to 1974 [138], even though there are several more recent reports which implicate antiperspirant use with the increased risk of Al-related diseases, including AD [92,[139][140][141]. Similarly, in response to concerns raised by citizens in regards to the safety of Al-based antiperspirants, the FDA asserts that it "has no data showing that products containing up to 35 [143].…”

“…The study which the ATSDR uses to back their conclusion on the safety of antiperspirant use dates back to 1974 [138], even though there are several more recent reports which implicate antiperspirant use with the increased risk of Al-related diseases, including AD [92,[139][140][141]. Similarly, in response to concerns raised by citizens in regards to the safety of Al-based antiperspirants, the FDA asserts that it "has no data showing that products containing up to 35 [142]. A similar view is held by the Alzheimer's Society Canada: "Most researchers no longer regard aluminum as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease...At this point, there is no convincing evidence that aluminum increases a person's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease" [143].…”

Metals and Alzheimer's disease

“…This nonredox active metal can also promote oxidative stress through reducing the rate of oxidation of the ferrous ion, which can subsequently generate oxidative species (see [84]). However, whilst aluminum, which has no known biological function, does have toxic properties, its relevance to AD remains controversial [67,149].…”

Landscape-Scale Mining and Water Management in a Hyper-Arid Catchment: The Cuajone Mine, Moquegua, Southern Peru

“…Irregular seasonality affecting water chemistry, through the erosion and concentration of trace metal containing silts, further complicates water resource allocation and treatment. Elevated concentrations of Al in drinking water is often considered to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease, with prolonged exposure leading to systematic toxicity and renal failure; increased Fe and Mn is associated with aesthetic problems such as the staining of laundry, and an unpleasant smell and taste [93,94]; and elevated As concentrations in drinking water is associated with skin, liver and kidney cancers [95,96]. Our data show that harmful hydro-chemistry, derived from elevated levels of Al, Fe, Mn, and As, is found to be highly variable across the sample site network and period of work.…”

Aluminum and Alzheimer's Disease: After a Century of Controversy, Is there a Plausible Link?

“…The study which the ATSDR uses to back their conclusion on the safety of antiperspirant use dates back to 1974 [138], even though there are several more recent reports which implicate antiperspirant use with the increased risk of Al-related diseases, including AD [92,[139][140][141]. Similarly, in response to concerns raised by citizens in regards to the safety of Al-based antiperspirants, the FDA asserts that it "has no data showing that products containing up to 35 [143].…”

“…The study which the ATSDR uses to back their conclusion on the safety of antiperspirant use dates back to 1974 [138], even though there are several more recent reports which implicate antiperspirant use with the increased risk of Al-related diseases, including AD [92,[139][140][141]. Similarly, in response to concerns raised by citizens in regards to the safety of Al-based antiperspirants, the FDA asserts that it "has no data showing that products containing up to 35 [142]. A similar view is held by the Alzheimer's Society Canada: "Most researchers no longer regard aluminum as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease...At this point, there is no convincing evidence that aluminum increases a person's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease" [143].…”

Metals and Alzheimer's disease

“…This nonredox active metal can also promote oxidative stress through reducing the rate of oxidation of the ferrous ion, which can subsequently generate oxidative species (see [84]). However, whilst aluminum, which has no known biological function, does have toxic properties, its relevance to AD remains controversial [67,149].…”

Landscape-Scale Mining and Water Management in a Hyper-Arid Catchment: The Cuajone Mine, Moquegua, Southern Peru

“…Irregular seasonality affecting water chemistry, through the erosion and concentration of trace metal containing silts, further complicates water resource allocation and treatment. Elevated concentrations of Al in drinking water is often considered to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease, with prolonged exposure leading to systematic toxicity and renal failure; increased Fe and Mn is associated with aesthetic problems such as the staining of laundry, and an unpleasant smell and taste [93,94]; and elevated As concentrations in drinking water is associated with skin, liver and kidney cancers [95,96]. Our data show that harmful hydro-chemistry, derived from elevated levels of Al, Fe, Mn, and As, is found to be highly variable across the sample site network and period of work.…”

Aluminum and Alzheimer's Disease: After a Century of Controversy, Is there a Plausible Link?

“…The study which the ATSDR uses to back their conclusion on the safety of antiperspirant use dates back to 1974 [138], even though there are several more recent reports which implicate antiperspirant use with the increased risk of Al-related diseases, including AD [92,[139][140][141]. Similarly, in response to concerns raised by citizens in regards to the safety of Al-based antiperspirants, the FDA asserts that it "has no data showing that products containing up to 35 [143].…”

“…The study which the ATSDR uses to back their conclusion on the safety of antiperspirant use dates back to 1974 [138], even though there are several more recent reports which implicate antiperspirant use with the increased risk of Al-related diseases, including AD [92,[139][140][141]. Similarly, in response to concerns raised by citizens in regards to the safety of Al-based antiperspirants, the FDA asserts that it "has no data showing that products containing up to 35 [142]. A similar view is held by the Alzheimer's Society Canada: "Most researchers no longer regard aluminum as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease...At this point, there is no convincing evidence that aluminum increases a person's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease" [143].…”

Metals and Alzheimer's disease

“…This nonredox active metal can also promote oxidative stress through reducing the rate of oxidation of the ferrous ion, which can subsequently generate oxidative species (see [84]). However, whilst aluminum, which has no known biological function, does have toxic properties, its relevance to AD remains controversial [67,149].…”