Is butyrate a natural alternative to dexamethasone in the management of CoVID-19?

Nithin, K K; Patil, Prakash; Bhandary, Satheesh Kumar; Haridas, Vikram; N, Suchetha Kumari; Sarathkumar, E.; Shetty, Praveenkumar

doi:10.12688/f1000research.51786.1

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 147 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…Out of all of the SCFAs, butyrate has been the most extensively studied. It has been documented that butyrate has a role in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 infection through different mechanisms: (1) decreasing the ACE2 receptor expression and (2) transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) genes, (3) increasing the ADAM17 levels (a metallopeptidase implicated in ACE2 shedding), (4) upregulating various antiviral pathways such as TLR, and (5) butyric acid has also been proven to lessen oxidative stress and hyperinflammation in a number of diseases, including viral respiratory infections. , …”

Section: Role Of Scfas In Sars-cov-2 Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) as a Connecting Link between Microbiota and Gut-Lung Axis─A Potential Therapeutic Intervention to Improve Lung Health

Verma,

Bhagchandani,

Rai

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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The microbiome is an integral part of the human gut, and it plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system and homeostasis. Apart from the gut microbiome, the airway microbial community also forms a distinct and crucial part of the human microbiota. Furthermore, several studies indicate the existence of communication between the gut microbiome and their metabolites with the lung airways, called "gut−lung axis". Perturbations in gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can have acute and chronic effects on the pathophysiology of lung diseases. Microbes and their metabolites in lung stimulate various innate immune pathways, which modulate the expression of the inflammatory genes in pulmonary leukocytes. For instance, gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids can suppress lung inflammation through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (free fatty acid receptors) and can also inhibit histone deacetylase, which in turn influences the severity of acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiome composition through probiotic/prebiotic usage and fecal microbiota transplantation can lead to alterations in lung homeostasis and immunity. The resulting manipulation of immune cells function through microbiota and their key metabolites paves the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in improving the lung health of individuals affected with various lung diseases including SARS-CoV-2. This review will shed light upon the mechanistic aspect of immune system programming through gut and lung microbiota and exploration of the relationship between gut−lung microbiome and also highlight the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the management of respiratory diseases.

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Section: Role Of Scfas In Sars-cov-2 Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) as a Connecting Link between Microbiota and Gut-Lung Axis─A Potential Therapeutic Intervention to Improve Lung Health

Verma,

Bhagchandani,

Rai

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“…Inflammatory cytokines [IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)] were found to be high in number, leading to ARDS and multiple-organ dysfunction[ 77 , 78 ]. Butyric acid produced by intestinal bacteria is known to reduce cytokine storm[ 79 ]. Thus, the gut microbiota could help in reducing the prevalence of ARDS and sepsis, which are major mortality risks in COVID-19.…”

Section: Gi Manifestation and Gut Dysbiosis (Metabolic Dysfunction)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of gut microbiota as a potential therapy to manipulate drug-induced hepatic damage in COVID-19 patients

Ahsan¹,

Anwar²,

Munawar³

2023

World J Gastroenterol

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, its symptoms, treatment, and post-COVID-19 effects have been a major focus of research since 2020. In addition to respiratory symptoms, different clinical variants of the virus have been associated with dynamic symptoms and multiorgan diseases, including liver abnormalities. The release of cytokines by the activation of innate immune cells during viral infection and the high doses of drugs used for COVID-19 treatment are considered major drivers of liver injury in COVID-19 patients. The degree of hepatic inflammation in patients suffering from chronic liver disease and having COVID-19 could be severe and can be estimated through different liver chemistry abnormality markers. Gut microbiota influences liver chemistry through its metabolites. Gut dysbiosis during COVID-19 treatment can promote liver inflammation. Here, we highlighted the bidirectional association of liver physiology and gut microbiota (gut-liver axis) and its potential to manipulate drug-induced chemical abnormalities in the livers of COVID-19 patients.

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“…Notably butyrate may play a role in preventing certain types of diarrheas and it has shown beneficial effects on some colonic pathologies [82][83][84]. The attenuation of the deleterious immune response and hyperinflammation could be mediated by SCFA produced by the gut microbiota [85].…”

Section: Butyratementioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics in Food Allergy and Immunomodulation

et al. 2021

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Food allergy (FA) is an increasing problem worldwide and, over recent years, its prevalence is rising in developed countries. Nowadays, the immunological and cellular processes that occur in the allergic reactions are not fully understood, which hampers the development of in vitro diagnostic tools and further treatment options. Moreover, allergic diseases could be reinforced by environmental exposure and genetic modifications. Gene expression can be controlled by different epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. In addition, several environmental factors such as dietary components (vitamin D, butyrate, folic acid) are able to regulate this epigenetic mechanism. All these factors produce modifications in immune genes that could alter the development and function of immune cells, and therefore the etiology of the disease. Furthermore, these epigenetic mechanisms have also an influence on immunomodulation, which could explain sustained responsiveness or unresponsiveness during immunotherapy due to epigenetic modifications in key genes that induce tolerance in several FA. Thus, in this review we focus on the different epigenetic mechanisms that occur in FA and on the influence of several dietary components in these gene modifications.

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Is butyrate a natural alternative to dexamethasone in the management of CoVID-19?

Cited by 16 publications

References 147 publications

Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) as a Connecting Link between Microbiota and Gut-Lung Axis─A Potential Therapeutic Intervention to Improve Lung Health

Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) as a Connecting Link between Microbiota and Gut-Lung Axis─A Potential Therapeutic Intervention to Improve Lung Health

Modulation of gut microbiota as a potential therapy to manipulate drug-induced hepatic damage in COVID-19 patients

Epigenetics in Food Allergy and Immunomodulation

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