“…Stock market returns respond to major events. Previous studies have identified several major events that have affected such returns, for example, disasters (Kowalewski & Śpiewanowski, 2020), sports (Buhagiar et al, 2018), news (Li, 2018), and environmental (Guo et al, 2020) and political events (Bash & Alsaifi, 2019;Shanaev & Ghimire, 2019). Stock market returns may also respond to epidemic diseases, for example, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak (Chen et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2009), and Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak (Ichev & Marinč, 2018).…”