Iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic field exposure promote functional recovery by attenuating free radical-induced damage in rats with spinal cord transection

Pal, Ajay; Singh, Anand Kumar; Nag, Tapas Chandra; Chattopadhyay, Parthaprasad; Mathur, Rashmi; Jain, Suman

doi:10.2147/ijn.s44238

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Second, oxygen free radicals nonenzymatically catalyze a reaction changing procollagen to collagen in the absence of the rate-limiting enzyme hydroxylase [ 37 ]. Consistent with this, a previous study [ 38 ] reported that eliminating free radicals in local tissue will inhibit scar formation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Lower Metal Element Levels in Hypertrophic Scars: A Potential Mechanism of Aberrant Cicatrix Hyperplasia

et al. 2020

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Background We investigated levels of the metal elements Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Cu in blood, normal skin (NS), and different types of scar tissue and aimed to elucidate the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scars (HS). Material/Methods Tissue specimens were excised from 3 groups of research participants: scar-free, flat scar (FS), and HS groups. Levels of the study elements were measured in blood, NS, and scar tissues with a spectrophotometer. The levels in plasma or in different types of specimens were compared among subgroups. In the FS and HS groups, levels were compared between the scar tissue and NS of each individual. In addition, element differences in exposed and unexposed areas of NS were investigated in the scar-free group. HS fibroblasts (HFB) were cultured in medium with various reduced levels of metal elements to determine the influence of metal elements on fibroblast growth. Results Levels of trace elements, including Zn, Fe, and Cu, were significantly lower in HS than in FS. The levels of Ca, Zn, Fe, and Cu were markedly lower in HS than in the patients’ own NS, while the Cu/Zn ratio was higher. However, no such difference was observed in the FS group. No significant difference in element levels was found in either plasma or NS among the 3 groups. Reduced levels of the elements promoted HFB proliferation within 24 h while an inhibition effect was observed at 72 h. Conclusions Our findings indicate reduced levels of metal elements in part of the healing microenvironment, suggesting that decreased metal levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of HS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Lower Metal Element Levels in Hypertrophic Scars: A Potential Mechanism of Aberrant Cicatrix Hyperplasia

et al. 2020

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“…Additionally, nanoparticles with antigen capable of inducing myelin-specific tolerance could be used to alleviate the chronic inflammatory phase of SCI, which is characterized by unfettered demyelination comparable to EAE models [Jones, 2014]. Other particles, including iron oxide [Pal et al, 2013], gold [Hutter et al, 2010], and quantum dots [Minami et al, 2012; Moquin et al, 2015] have also been used to target microglia and reducing inflammation using in vitro models.…”

Section: Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Engineering Approaches to Modulate the Inflammatory Milieu following Spinal Cord Injury

Dumont¹,

Margul

Shea

2016

Cells Tissues Organs

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Tissue engineering strategies have shown promise in promoting healing and regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI); however, these strategies are limited by inflammation and the immune response. Infiltration of cells of the innate and adaptive immune responses and the inflammation that follows cause secondary damage adjacent to the injury, increased scarring, and a potently inhibitory environment for the regeneration of damaged neurons. While the inflammation that ensues is typically associated with limited regeneration, the immune response is a crucial element in the closing of the blood-brain barrier, minimizing the spread of injury, and initiating healing. This review summarizes the strategies that have been developed to modulate the immune response towards an anti-inflammatory environment that is permissive to the regeneration of neurons, glia, and parenchyma. We focus on the use of biomaterials, biologically active molecules, gene therapy, nanoparticles, and stem cells to modulate the immune response, and illustrate concepts for future therapies. Current clinical treatments for SCI are limited to systemic hypothermia or methylprednisolone, which both act by systemically mitigating the effects of immune response but have marginal efficacy. Herein, we discuss emerging research strategies to further enhance these clinical treatments by directly targeting specific aspects of the immune response.

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“…This group also exhibited spontaneous bladder evacuation after 11 d, significantly earlier than any of the other groups. This study also showed that SPION exposure to the glioblastoma U87 cell line with a hydrogen peroxide insult improved cell viability from 44 to 75%, demonstrating the antioxidant effects of the particles (Pal et al, 2013). These two studies show the promise of MNPs for drug delivery after SCI, but more work is needed to understand the mechanisms behind magnetic field stimulation in addition to MNP delivery.…”

Section: Magnetic Drug and Gene Delivery Systems For Promoting Neuralmentioning

confidence: 68%

Magnetic Composite Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration

Funnell

Balouch

Gilbert

2019

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Nervous system damage caused by physical trauma or degenerative diseases can result in loss of sensory and motor function for patients. Biomaterial interventions have shown promise in animal studies, providing contact guidance for extending neurites or sustained release of various drugs and growth factors; however, these approaches often target only one aspect of the regeneration process. More recent studies investigate hybrid approaches, creating complex materials that can reduce inflammation or provide neuroprotection in addition to stimulating growth and regeneration. Magnetic materials have shown promise in this field, as they can be manipulated non-invasively, are easily functionalized, and can be used to mechanically stimulate cells. By combining different types of biomaterials (hydrogels, nanoparticles, electrospun fibers) and incorporating magnetic elements, magnetic materials can provide multiple physical and chemical cues to promote regeneration. This review, for the first time, will provide an overview of design strategies for promoting regeneration after neural injury with magnetic biomaterials.

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Iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic field exposure promote functional recovery by attenuating free radical-induced damage in rats with spinal cord transection

Cited by 25 publications

References 56 publications

Lower Metal Element Levels in Hypertrophic Scars: A Potential Mechanism of Aberrant Cicatrix Hyperplasia

Lower Metal Element Levels in Hypertrophic Scars: A Potential Mechanism of Aberrant Cicatrix Hyperplasia

Tissue Engineering Approaches to Modulate the Inflammatory Milieu following Spinal Cord Injury

Magnetic Composite Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration

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