Iridoids are natural glycation inhibitors

Abstract

Glycation of amino acid residues in proteins leads to the eventual formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGE formation significantly influences human health and the aging process. AGE accumulation rates may be slowed by modifications to lifestyle or by pharmacological strategies. But the use of therapeutic drugs is not an appropriate means of controlling AGEs within the general population. However, phytochemical constituents in plant-based foods exhibit anti-glycation activities and may be more appropriate for general consumption. Among these phytochemicals are iridoids. The anti-AGE potential of iridoids has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, while also revealing possible mechanisms of action. Inclusion of iridoid food sources in the diet may be a useful component of strategies intended to mitigate AGE accumulation within the body.

Value addition of Southern African monkey orange(Strychnos spp.) : composition, utilization and quality

“…Chapter 4 Effect of heat and pectinase maceration on phenolic compounds and physicochemical quality of Strychnos cocculoides juice 74 which have many potential biological activities (West et al, 2016) were reported in S.…”

“…Their presence also has potential to improve product safety because of the reported anti-fungal, antiinflammatory and anti-microbial activities (Bentes & Mercadante, 2014;Whitehead et al, 2016). Iridoid glucosides are not uncommon in fruits and have been identified in substantial amounts in fruit pulp of noni (Morinda citrifolia), genipap (Genipa americana L.), European cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) and cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) (Bentes & Mercadante, 2014;Su et al, 2005;West et al, 2016).…”

“…Sweroside and secoxyloganin were reported in branches of S. spinosa (Itoh et al, 2005), while morroniside and kelampayoside A were previously identified in roots and stem bark of S. cocculoides (Sunghwa & Koketsu, 2009). Iridoids have the ability to inhibit advanced glycation end products and elevations of serum and hepatic glucose (West et al, 2016), which when further investigated in monkey orange can be an appropriate means of controlling diabetes and ailments associated with aging.…”

“…Given the potential of these compounds on anti-fungal and antibacterial effects, their presence in monkey orange will be beneficial particularly to rural communities due to the inadequate sanitary conditions, clean water supply and infrastructure. Iridoids have also been suggested to be natural glycation inhibitors and they confer health benefits because of their susceptibility to intestinal absorption (West et al, 2016).…”

“…Micronutrients have physiological importance to human health for their role in growth, bone formation, enzyme activity and energy metabolism, among several others (Martínez-Ballesta et al, 2010;Pereira et al, 2016). Previous studies have identified phenolic compounds in monkey orange fruit pulp, which are effectively extracted by maceration with pectinase enzymes (Ngadze et al, 2018 as reduction of postprandial blood sugar, inhibition of advanced glycation end products, improvement of short term memory capacity, anti -inflammatory activity, and antifungal growth in fruits (Bentes & Mercadante, 2014;West et al, 2016;Whitehead et al, 2016).…”