Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome in Thai Patients

Abstract

To evaluate the spectrum of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome, to our knowledge, never studied previously in Orientals. Methods: From 1986 to 1998, we examined 60 consecutive patients (20 men, 40 women) with characteristic signs of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome and compared the clinical manifestations to those reported in white patients. Results: Cogan-Reese syndrome (CRS) was most common (38 patients), while 14 patients had Chandler syndrome (CS), and 8 had progressive iris atrophy. Three patients initially classified as having CS and 1 as having progressive iris atrophy progressed to CRS. Glaucoma occurred in 46 patients (76.7%), most commonly in patients with progressive iris atrophy or CRS. Ten patients had slow progression of disease during the follow-up period of up to 12 years. Three patients (2 with CRS, 1 with CS) had asymptomatic localized islands of "hammered-silver" appearance and 11 (8 with CRS, 2 with CS, and 1 with progressive iris atrophy) had subclinical abnormal endothelium in the contralateral eyes. A translucent membrane was commonly seen on the brown iris surface. Total endothelial involvement was present in 49 patients, while 6 (4 with CRS, 2 with CS) had focal endothelial abnormalities with sharp demarcation from adjacent normal endothelium. Conclusions: Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome occurs in Orientals. Cogan-Reese syndrome is the most common form and is strongly associated with glaucoma. Although several clinical manifestations were similar between whites and Orientals (mean age of onset, sex predilection, iris changes, peripheral anterior synechiae formation, or corneal edema), CRS was most prevalent; a translucent membrane were more noticeable in Orientals.

Glaucoma associated with iridocorneal endothelial syndrome in 203 Indian subjects

“…ICE syndrome commonly occurs in young adults, with increased prevalence in women, the median age at presentation in our series was 43 years, which was similar to the reports from Wilson et al (41.5 years) [3], Teekhasaenee et al (43.7 years) [9], and Shields et al (38.6 years) [6]. Majority of the subjects with ICE syndrome were women (61%), which was similar to other published series, Wilson et al (62.2%) [3], Teekhasaenee et al (66.7%) [9], and Shields et al (68.3%) [6].…”

“…Majority of the subjects with ICE syndrome were women (61%), which was similar to other published series, Wilson et al (62.2%) [3], Teekhasaenee et al (66.7%) [9], and Shields et al (68.3%) [6]. …”

Glaucoma associated with iridocorneal endothelial syndrome in 203 Indian subjects

“…ICE syndrome commonly occurs in young adults, with increased prevalence in women, the median age at presentation in our series was 43 years, which was similar to the reports from Wilson et al (41.5 years) [3], Teekhasaenee et al (43.7 years) [9], and Shields et al (38.6 years) [6]. Majority of the subjects with ICE syndrome were women (61%), which was similar to other published series, Wilson et al (62.2%) [3], Teekhasaenee et al (66.7%) [9], and Shields et al (68.3%) [6].…”

“…Majority of the subjects with ICE syndrome were women (61%), which was similar to other published series, Wilson et al (62.2%) [3], Teekhasaenee et al (66.7%) [9], and Shields et al (68.3%) [6]. …”

Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome: Evaluation of patient demographics and endothelial morphology by in vivo confocal microscopy in an Indian cohort

“…Overall 86.4% ( n = 19) of the 22 eyes with endothelial abnormalities included in the study, had evidence of raised IOP/glaucoma which was comparable to the 76.7% incidence reported from an Asian (Thai) population,[25] but much higher than the 40%–50% incidence reported from Caucasian populations. [1819] While Teekhasaenee et al ,[25] did not evaluate endothelial morphology in their series of ICE eyes, a subgroup analysis of the series by Sherrard et al and Laganowski et al revealed that the incidence of glaucoma was much higher in patients with total ICE, ranging from 71% to 75%, as compared to eyes with subtotal ICE where glaucoma was noted in only 17–20% eyes. [1819] The overall higher incidence of glaucoma in the present cohort may thus be a reflection of the predominance of total ICE pattern which was seen in our patients.…”

Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome Masquerading as Iris Melanoma in 71 Cases

“…Our cohort is different from previous series as our cases emanate from an ocular oncology department and all patients were referred with the presumed diagnosis of iris melanoma. In comparison with those from glaucoma departments 1,[5][6][7] (Table 3), our cases are similar in that there was a female preponderance and the condition occurred in middle-aged white individuals. However, our cases differ in that there was far less glaucoma (15% vs 43%-77%), less corneal edema (10% vs 38%-72%), and less polycoria (1% vs 22%-24%).…”

Glaucoma associated with iridocorneal endothelial syndrome in 203 Indian subjects

“…ICE syndrome commonly occurs in young adults, with increased prevalence in women, the median age at presentation in our series was 43 years, which was similar to the reports from Wilson et al (41.5 years) [3], Teekhasaenee et al (43.7 years) [9], and Shields et al (38.6 years) [6]. Majority of the subjects with ICE syndrome were women (61%), which was similar to other published series, Wilson et al (62.2%) [3], Teekhasaenee et al (66.7%) [9], and Shields et al (68.3%) [6].…”

“…Majority of the subjects with ICE syndrome were women (61%), which was similar to other published series, Wilson et al (62.2%) [3], Teekhasaenee et al (66.7%) [9], and Shields et al (68.3%) [6]. …”

Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome: Evaluation of patient demographics and endothelial morphology by in vivo confocal microscopy in an Indian cohort

“…Overall 86.4% ( n = 19) of the 22 eyes with endothelial abnormalities included in the study, had evidence of raised IOP/glaucoma which was comparable to the 76.7% incidence reported from an Asian (Thai) population,[25] but much higher than the 40%–50% incidence reported from Caucasian populations. [1819] While Teekhasaenee et al ,[25] did not evaluate endothelial morphology in their series of ICE eyes, a subgroup analysis of the series by Sherrard et al and Laganowski et al revealed that the incidence of glaucoma was much higher in patients with total ICE, ranging from 71% to 75%, as compared to eyes with subtotal ICE where glaucoma was noted in only 17–20% eyes. [1819] The overall higher incidence of glaucoma in the present cohort may thus be a reflection of the predominance of total ICE pattern which was seen in our patients.…”

Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome Masquerading as Iris Melanoma in 71 Cases

“…Our cohort is different from previous series as our cases emanate from an ocular oncology department and all patients were referred with the presumed diagnosis of iris melanoma. In comparison with those from glaucoma departments 1,[5][6][7] (Table 3), our cases are similar in that there was a female preponderance and the condition occurred in middle-aged white individuals. However, our cases differ in that there was far less glaucoma (15% vs 43%-77%), less corneal edema (10% vs 38%-72%), and less polycoria (1% vs 22%-24%).…”

Glaucoma associated with iridocorneal endothelial syndrome in 203 Indian subjects

“…ICE syndrome commonly occurs in young adults, with increased prevalence in women, the median age at presentation in our series was 43 years, which was similar to the reports from Wilson et al (41.5 years) [3], Teekhasaenee et al (43.7 years) [9], and Shields et al (38.6 years) [6]. Majority of the subjects with ICE syndrome were women (61%), which was similar to other published series, Wilson et al (62.2%) [3], Teekhasaenee et al (66.7%) [9], and Shields et al (68.3%) [6].…”

“…Majority of the subjects with ICE syndrome were women (61%), which was similar to other published series, Wilson et al (62.2%) [3], Teekhasaenee et al (66.7%) [9], and Shields et al (68.3%) [6]. …”

Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome: Evaluation of patient demographics and endothelial morphology by in vivo confocal microscopy in an Indian cohort

“…Overall 86.4% ( n = 19) of the 22 eyes with endothelial abnormalities included in the study, had evidence of raised IOP/glaucoma which was comparable to the 76.7% incidence reported from an Asian (Thai) population,[25] but much higher than the 40%–50% incidence reported from Caucasian populations. [1819] While Teekhasaenee et al ,[25] did not evaluate endothelial morphology in their series of ICE eyes, a subgroup analysis of the series by Sherrard et al and Laganowski et al revealed that the incidence of glaucoma was much higher in patients with total ICE, ranging from 71% to 75%, as compared to eyes with subtotal ICE where glaucoma was noted in only 17–20% eyes. [1819] The overall higher incidence of glaucoma in the present cohort may thus be a reflection of the predominance of total ICE pattern which was seen in our patients.…”

Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome Masquerading as Iris Melanoma in 71 Cases

“…Our cohort is different from previous series as our cases emanate from an ocular oncology department and all patients were referred with the presumed diagnosis of iris melanoma. In comparison with those from glaucoma departments 1,[5][6][7] (Table 3), our cases are similar in that there was a female preponderance and the condition occurred in middle-aged white individuals. However, our cases differ in that there was far less glaucoma (15% vs 43%-77%), less corneal edema (10% vs 38%-72%), and less polycoria (1% vs 22%-24%).…”