Iqmik – A form of smokeless tobacco used by pregnant Alaska natives: Nicotine exposure in their neonates

Hurt, R. Douglas; Renner, Caroline C.; Patten, Christi A.; Ebbert, Jon O.; Offord, Kenneth P.; Schroeder, Darrell R.; Enoch, Carrie; Gill, Leigh; Angstman, Sarah; Moyer, Thomas P.

doi:10.1080/14767050500123731

Cited by 48 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Overall the percentage of U.S. women reporting smokeless tobacco (ST) use during pregnancy is very low (<1%) (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2006). Among Alaska Native women residing in the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta of Western Alaska, between 76–79% use ST or smoke cigarettes during pregnancy (Hurt et al, 2005; Patten et al, 2008 in press; Renner et al, 2004). However, tobacco cessation interventions developed for Alaska Native women do not exist (Melvin & Gaffney, 2004; USDHHS, 2001) Moreover, aside from our qualitative work (Renner et al, 2004), health beliefs related to tobacco use during pregnancy have not been assessed among Alaska Native women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of a tobacco cessation intervention for pregnant Alaska Native women

Patten

Windsor

Renner

et al. 2009

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

104

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Discussion:The low enrollment rate suggests that the program was not feasible or acceptable. Alternative approaches are needed to improve the reach and efficacy of cessation interventions for Alaska Native women. IntroductionTobacco use during pregnancy is a major public health problem in the United States. Estimates of smoking prevalence during pregnancy among U.S. women range from 11% to 22% (Goodwin, Keyes, & Simuro, 2007;L. T. Martin, McNamara, et al., 2008). Among U.S. women who gave birth in 2005, the smoking rates during pregnancy were American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/ AN) women (18%), non-Hispanic White (14%), non-Hispanic Black (9%), Hispanic (3%), and Asian women (2%; Substance Abuse and Mental Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2007). Smoking during pregnancy is the leading preventable cause of low infant birth weight and is associated with other maternal and infant adverse perinatal events (Cnattingius, 2004). Less than 1% of U.S. women report smokeless tobacco (ST) use during pregnancy (SAMHSA, 2007). A number of studies report potential adverse health risks of ST use during pregnancy for both the mother and infant including increased risk for preterm birth, stillbirth, and low birth weight (England et al., 2003;Gupta & Subramoney, 2006;Steyn, de Wet, Saloojee, Nel, & Yach, 2006). AbstractBackground: Among Alaska Native women residing in the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta region of Western Alaska, about 79% smoke cigarettes or use smokeless tobacco during pregnancy. Treatment methods developed and evaluated among Alaska Native pregnant tobacco users do not exist. This pilot study used a randomized two-group design to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a targeted cessation intervention for Alaska Native pregnant women. Methods:Recruitment occurred over an 8-month period. Enrolled participants were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 18; brief face-to-face counseling at the first visit and written materials) or to the intervention group (n = 17) consisting of faceto-face counseling at the first visit, four telephone calls, a video highlighting personal stories, and a cessation guide. Interviewbased assessments were conducted at baseline and follow-up during pregnancy (≥60 days postrandomization). Feasibility was determined by the recruitment and retention rates. Results:The participation rate was very low with only 12% of eligible women (35/293) enrolled. Among enrolled participants, the study retention rates were high in both the intervention (71%) and control (94%) groups. The biochemically confirmed abstinence rates at follow-up were 0% and 6% for the intervention and control groups, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of a tobacco cessation intervention for pregnant Alaska Native women

Patten

Windsor

Renner

et al. 2009

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

104

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“…These devices should be used with caution, as they expose not only the user, but also passerby to aerosolized nicotine (Czogala et al, 2013). Similarly, maternal use of smokeless (chewing) tobacco not only decreases birth weight (England et al, 2003), a risk factor for long-term neurobehavioral consequences (Rosenthal et al, 2011), but also results in higher Lipsitz scores, a neurobehavioral test used to measure drug withdrawal symptoms such as tremor, increased muscle tone and reflexes, and irritability in newborns (Hurt et al, 2005).…”

Section: Tobacco/nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Consequences of Fetal Exposure to Drugs: What We Know and What We Still Must Learn

Ross

Graham

Money

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

330

241

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Most drugs of abuse easily cross the placenta and can affect fetal brain development. In utero exposures to drugs thus can have long-lasting implications for brain structure and function. These effects on the developing nervous system, before homeostatic regulatory mechanisms are properly calibrated, often differ from their effects on mature systems. In this review, we describe current knowledge on how alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamine, Ecstasy, and opiates (among other drugs) produce alterations in neurodevelopmental trajectory. We focus both on animal models and available clinical and imaging data from cross-sectional and longitudinal human studies. Early studies of fetal exposures focused on classic teratological methods that are insufficient for revealing more subtle effects that are nevertheless very behaviorally relevant. Modern mechanistic approaches have informed us greatly as to how to potentially ameliorate the induced deficits in brain formation and function, but conclude that better delineation of sensitive periods, dose-response relationships, and long-term longitudinal studies assessing future risk of offspring to exhibit learning disabilities, mental health disorders, and limited neural adaptations are crucial to limit the societal impact of these exposures.

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“…The ash increases the pH of the mixture, resulting in higher nicotine bioavailability and speed of absorption . Both commercial and homemade STs are used throughout Alaska; however, Eskimo people most commonly use iqmik (Alaska Department of Health and Social Services (AK DHSS), 2009; Hurt et al, 2005;Renner et. al., 2004;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Use Among Southwestern Alaska Native People

Renner

Lanier

Lindgren

et al. 2012

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Iqmik – A form of smokeless tobacco used by pregnant Alaska natives: Nicotine exposure in their neonates

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

Feasibility of a tobacco cessation intervention for pregnant Alaska Native women

Feasibility of a tobacco cessation intervention for pregnant Alaska Native women

Developmental Consequences of Fetal Exposure to Drugs: What We Know and What We Still Must Learn

Tobacco Use Among Southwestern Alaska Native People

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