“…As shown in a series of recent publications (W. Chen, Ding, Zhou, Lin, & Chou, 2018;Cheng, Xiao, & Chou, 2018a, 2018bP. Feng et al, 2018;Jia, Li, Qiu, Xiao, & Chou, 2019;Khan, Rasool, Hussain, Khan, & Chou, 2018;Xiao, Xu, et al, 2018), to develop a really useful statistical predictor for a biological system, one should observe the guidelines of Chou's 5-step rule (Chou, 2011) to make the following five steps very clear: (i) how to construct or select a valid benchmark dataset to train and test the predictor; (ii) how to formulate the statistical samples with an effective mathematical expression that can truly reflect their intrinsic correlation with the target to be predicted; (iii) how to introduce or develop a powerful algorithm (or engine) to operate the prediction; (iv) how to properly perform crossvalidation tests to objectively evaluate the anticipated accuracy of the predictor; (v) how to provide source code and dataset that are accessible to the public. Below, we are to describe how to deal with these steps one-by-one.…”