IOT based classification of transformer faults using emerging techniques of E-nose and ANFIS

Abstract

E-Nose finds its use in a wide range of applications such as quality assessment in food processing to toxic gas identification in chemical industry either in the offline or online mode. Their usage can be extended to transformer condition monitoring in the online mode. Considering the importance of transformers in power system and the impact it could create if faults in them are unidentified or left unattended, their functioning should be monitored on a real time basis. This work, describes the realization of a prospective E-Nose for online transformer incipient fault identification. The resistive gas sensor array has been simulated in real time using variable resistances forming one arm of a Wheatstone bridges. Separate variable resistances have been calibrated using characteristics of different fault gas sensors. The sensor array of the E-Nose helps to identify the transformer fault gases resulting from an incipient fault condition at the nascent stage itself and prompts for the necessary corrective action well before a catastrophic situation arises. Furthermore, ANFIS model of the Duval’s Triangle (DT) method have been developed to facilitate the online classification of incipient faults. The ANFIS models of other popularly used incipient fault interpretation methods, reported in earlier works, have also been used for a comparative analysis on their diagnostic capabilities. The developed model has been tested using the fault cases of IEC-TC10 fault database and the results thus obtained have been found to be very promising.

Grid-Connected Solar PV System with Maximum Power Point Tracking and Battery Energy Storage Integrated with Sophisticated Three-Level NPC Inverter

“…In the year 1981, inverters of three-level topology were introduced [6,7]. Since then and now, they are widely used in many applications such as pulse width modulation rectifers, high voltage DC, active power flters (APFs), static compensators, motor drives, and renewable energy applications [7,8]. Te circuit topology of the three-phase three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter is shown in Figure 1(a).…”

“…Tree-level phase voltages at the AC side are provided by the converter having two capacitors at the DC side. It is assumed normally that the capacitor voltages are balanced to avoid even-harmonic injection and power ripple efects on AC side voltages [7,9]. In diferent applications, the methods for balancing capacitor voltages are discussed and studied in many papers [6,7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…Calculation of the generation of the reference vector with three variables T 1 , T 2 , and T 3 is performed by substituting the values of three diferent vectors (n � 3) in equation (1). Calculation of timing segments applies various methods of PWM vector described in [6,7,[9][10][11][13][14][15]. Te space vector diagram for the NPC inverter of three-phase threelevel for DC-link balanced capacitors is shown in Figure 1(b) [6].…”

“…As many countries are dependent on nonrenewable resources such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas for electricity generation, there is an energy crisis and environmental problems. Clean electricity generation necessitates renewable energy sources such as solar PV and wind generation systems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Te power extracted from solar PV is controlled by implementing suitable algorithms to improve power electronic systems.…”

A dSPACE-based implementation of ANFIS and predictive current control for a single phase boost power factor corrector

“…The ANFIS approach is implemented in this paper to enhance the performance of a single-phase PFC rectifier; hence, it ensures a controlled dc-link voltage regardless of the dynamic parameters' changes such as load and reference output voltage. Moreover, the ANFIS controller is used to generate the peak value of the reference current for the inner current loop 32 , 33 .…”