Ionic liquids—a novel material for planar photonics

Rola, Krzysztof; Zając, A.; Czajkowski, Maciej; Cybińska, Joanna; Martynkien, Tadeusz; Śmiglak, Marcin; Komorowska, Katarzyna

doi:10.1088/1361-6528/aae01e

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…The packet compression and decompression may prove useful in high-speed communication and signal processing, including multiplexers. For further optimization and showing the effect of RTIL infiltrated, the square slots are assumed to be filled by ionic liquid whose reflective index is from 1.6 to 1.7 for optical communication wavelength [ 11 ]. The main factor for the theoretical calculations is the refractive index.…”

Section: Structure Geometry and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanomaterials 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 12 the effect of RTIL infiltrated, the square slots are assumed to be filled by ionic liquid whose reflective index is from 1.6 to 1.7 for optical communication wavelength [11]. The main factor for the theoretical calculations is the refractive index.…”

Section: Structure Geometry and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the optical properties of polymerized RTILs, it shows that the optimum FoM at high index polymerized RTILs of = 1.8 is 0.72402. For 6G the effect of RTIL infiltrated, the square slots are assumed to be filled by ionic liquid whose reflective index is from 1.6 to 1.7 for optical communication wavelength [11]. The main factor for the theoretical calculations is the refractive index.…”

Section: Structure Geometry and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the refractive indices of polymerized RTILs have been determined because they are important for producing microstructures in photonics. Their refractive index is about 1.6–1.7 in the wavelength range of 600–2000 nm for both polymerized RTILs, which include optical communication wavelength 1550 nm evaluated based on ellipsometry measurements [ 11 ]. From the optical properties of polymerized RTILs, they seem to be promising materials for the fabrication of infrared photonic elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Figure of Merit Optical Buffering in Coupled-Slot Slab Photonic Crystal Waveguide with Ionic Liquid

2020

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Slow light with adequate low group velocity and wide bandwidth with a flat band of the zero-dispersion area were investigated. High buffering capabilities were obtained in a silicon-polymer coupled-slot slab photonic crystal waveguide (SP-CS-SPCW) with infiltrating slots by ionic liquid. A figure of merit (FoM) around 0.663 with the lowest physical bit length Lbit of 4.6748 µm for each stored bit in the optical communication waveband was gained by appropriately modifying the square air slot length. Posteriorly, by filling the slots with ionic liquid, the Lbit was enhanced to be 4.2817 μm with the highest FoM of 0.72402 in wider transmission bandwidth and ultra-high bit rate in terabit range, which may become useful for the future 6G mobile communication network. Ionic liquids have had a noticeable effect in altering the optical properties of photonic crystals. A polymer was used for the future incorporation of an electro-optic effect in buffers to realize the dynamic controlling of optical properties. Ionic liquids enhanced the transmission rate through optical materials. Additionally, the delay time in the ns-range was achieved, providing longer delay and ultra-low group velocity, which is important for light-matter interaction in light amplifiers and nonlinear devices.

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Section: Structure Geometry and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structure Geometry and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structure Geometry and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Figure of Merit Optical Buffering in Coupled-Slot Slab Photonic Crystal Waveguide with Ionic Liquid

2020

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“…The aforementioned research motivated us to find a more ecofriendly process which makes use of unique properties of ionic liquids even more so. Therefore, we proposed the electron beam fabrication method of planar photonic components wherein the spin-coating step is conducted without any solvent (i.e., using pure ionic liquid), and only ethanol is used as a developer . The elimination of the solvent evaporation step from the RTIL thin film preparation procedure made the whole process greener and safer and opened new possibilities for processing solvent nonresistant substrates and materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Beam Patterning of Polymerizable Ionic Liquid Films for Application in Photonics

Rola

Zając²,

Czajkowski

et al. 2019

Langmuir

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Planar photonic components can be fabricated with high resolution by electron beam patterning of polymer thin films on solid substrates such as silicon and glass. However, polymer films are normally formed by spin-coating lithographic resists containing not only polymers but also volatile solvents, which is a serious environmental and health issue. Therefore, we investigate a new type of material for planar structure fabrication (i.e., room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with a polymerizable allyl group) that is electron-beam-curable, solvent-free, and thus potentially interesting for processing materials with weak resistance to solvents. We fabricate planar polymer microstructures by electron beam patterning of RTIL thin films in vacuum, which is possible because of the negligible volatility of ionic liquids. Three different polymerizable ionic liquids {i.e., [Allmim][Cl] (1allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride), [Allmim][NTf 2 ] (1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide), and [Allmmim][NTf 2 ] (1-allyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide)} are compared in terms of the quality of the fabricated microstructures. We demonstrate that the shape of the more viscous RTIL with the Cl − anion is less distorted during electron-beam-activated polymerization than the shape of the less viscous RTILs with a large NTf 2 − anion. Furthermore, the surface tension of the NTf 2 -based ionic liquid decreases significantly with temperature as compared to that of the Cl-based ionic liquid. Thus, we suggest that the thermocapillary effect, that is, the Marangoni flow caused by a temperature gradient, might be responsible for the differences in the shape of the RTIL-derived microstructures. Also, we analyze the chemistry of the electron-beam-activated polymerization of RTIL by the use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and conclude that because of the disappearance of CC bonds the free radical polymerization is a probable reaction mechanism. Finally, we show that polymerized microstructures are potentially attractive as planar photonic components because of good optical properties such as a high refractive index.

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Interaction of electron beam with ionic liquids and its application for micropatterning

Rola

Zając

Szpecht

et al. 2021

European Polymer Journal

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Ionic liquids—a novel material for planar photonics

Cited by 11 publications

References 57 publications

High Figure of Merit Optical Buffering in Coupled-Slot Slab Photonic Crystal Waveguide with Ionic Liquid

High Figure of Merit Optical Buffering in Coupled-Slot Slab Photonic Crystal Waveguide with Ionic Liquid

Electron Beam Patterning of Polymerizable Ionic Liquid Films for Application in Photonics

Interaction of electron beam with ionic liquids and its application for micropatterning

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