Ionic Liquid‐Assisted Synthesis of TiO₂–Carbon Hybrid Nanostructures for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Building nanocomposite architectures based on nanocarbon materials (such as carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets) and metal‐oxide nanoparticles is of great interests for electrochemical energy storage. Here, an ionic‐liquid‐assisted strategy is presented to mediate the in situ growth of TiO2 nanocrystals with controlled size on carbon nanotubes and graphene, and also reduce the modified carbon supports to recover the graphitic structure simultaneously. The as‐prepared nanocomposites exhibit a highly porous and robust structure with intimate coupling between TiO2 nanocrystals and carbon supports, which offers facile ion and electron transport pathway as well as high mechanical stability. When evaluated as electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, the nanocomposites manifest high specific capacity, long cycling lifetime, and excellent rate capability, showing their promising application in high‐performance energy storage devices.

Synthesis of Monodisperse Mesoporous TiO2 Nanospheres from a Simple Double-Surfactant Assembly-Directed Method for Lithium Storage

“…It is slightly smaller than that of the fresh samples due to penetration and wetting of electrolytes. The large capacity, high rate capabilities, and excellent cycle stability of the mesoporous TiO 2 nanospheres with a small diameter size in this study are comparable to those for the reported TiO 2 nanostructure electrodes in previous research. − …”

Synthesis of Monodisperse Mesoporous TiO2 Nanospheres from a Simple Double-Surfactant Assembly-Directed Method for Lithium Storage

“…It is slightly smaller than that of the fresh samples due to penetration and wetting of electrolytes. The large capacity, high rate capabilities, and excellent cycle stability of the mesoporous TiO 2 nanospheres with a small diameter size in this study are comparable to those for the reported TiO 2 nanostructure electrodes in previous research. − …”

Facile Synthesis of Pre-Lithiated LiTiO2 Nanoparticles for Quick Charge and Long Lifespan Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Notably, the discharge–charge curves of LiTiO 2 NPs at 0.3C (Figure b) show strong similarity, with a low hysteresis of 0.06 V at the voltage plateau, demonstrating that the Li + intercalation/deintercalation process is highly reversible with small polarization. For comparison, the TiO 2 electrode is also tested in the voltage range of 0–3.0 V. As shown in Figure d, there are two well-defined peaks at 1.7 and 2.0 V, respectively, corresponding to Li + insertion/extraction processes, matching well with previous reports . Subsequently, the intensity of these redox peaks significantly decreases in the follow-up scans, signaling an irreversible reaction.…”

S‐Doped Carbon Fibers Uniformly Embedded with Ultrasmall TiO2 for Na+/Li+ Storage with High Capacity and Long‐Time Stability

“…When polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is used as the carbon source, N element can be detected via XPS. In Figure b, the C 1s spectrum displays five typical peaks with binding energies of 283.8, 284.7, 285.3, 286.4, and 288.8 eV, which can be attributed to the CS, CC/CC, CN, CO, and CO functional groups, respectively . These data demonstrate that CNF‐S@TiO 2 ‐5 was efficiently doped with sulfur and that the results are in agreement with the elemental mapping results.…”

Synthesis of Monodisperse Mesoporous TiO2 Nanospheres from a Simple Double-Surfactant Assembly-Directed Method for Lithium Storage

“…It is slightly smaller than that of the fresh samples due to penetration and wetting of electrolytes. The large capacity, high rate capabilities, and excellent cycle stability of the mesoporous TiO 2 nanospheres with a small diameter size in this study are comparable to those for the reported TiO 2 nanostructure electrodes in previous research. − …”

Facile Synthesis of Pre-Lithiated LiTiO2 Nanoparticles for Quick Charge and Long Lifespan Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Notably, the discharge–charge curves of LiTiO 2 NPs at 0.3C (Figure b) show strong similarity, with a low hysteresis of 0.06 V at the voltage plateau, demonstrating that the Li + intercalation/deintercalation process is highly reversible with small polarization. For comparison, the TiO 2 electrode is also tested in the voltage range of 0–3.0 V. As shown in Figure d, there are two well-defined peaks at 1.7 and 2.0 V, respectively, corresponding to Li + insertion/extraction processes, matching well with previous reports . Subsequently, the intensity of these redox peaks significantly decreases in the follow-up scans, signaling an irreversible reaction.…”

S‐Doped Carbon Fibers Uniformly Embedded with Ultrasmall TiO2 for Na+/Li+ Storage with High Capacity and Long‐Time Stability

“…When polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is used as the carbon source, N element can be detected via XPS. In Figure b, the C 1s spectrum displays five typical peaks with binding energies of 283.8, 284.7, 285.3, 286.4, and 288.8 eV, which can be attributed to the CS, CC/CC, CN, CO, and CO functional groups, respectively . These data demonstrate that CNF‐S@TiO 2 ‐5 was efficiently doped with sulfur and that the results are in agreement with the elemental mapping results.…”

Synthesis of Monodisperse Mesoporous TiO2 Nanospheres from a Simple Double-Surfactant Assembly-Directed Method for Lithium Storage

“…It is slightly smaller than that of the fresh samples due to penetration and wetting of electrolytes. The large capacity, high rate capabilities, and excellent cycle stability of the mesoporous TiO 2 nanospheres with a small diameter size in this study are comparable to those for the reported TiO 2 nanostructure electrodes in previous research. − …”

Facile Synthesis of Pre-Lithiated LiTiO2 Nanoparticles for Quick Charge and Long Lifespan Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Notably, the discharge–charge curves of LiTiO 2 NPs at 0.3C (Figure b) show strong similarity, with a low hysteresis of 0.06 V at the voltage plateau, demonstrating that the Li + intercalation/deintercalation process is highly reversible with small polarization. For comparison, the TiO 2 electrode is also tested in the voltage range of 0–3.0 V. As shown in Figure d, there are two well-defined peaks at 1.7 and 2.0 V, respectively, corresponding to Li + insertion/extraction processes, matching well with previous reports . Subsequently, the intensity of these redox peaks significantly decreases in the follow-up scans, signaling an irreversible reaction.…”

S‐Doped Carbon Fibers Uniformly Embedded with Ultrasmall TiO2 for Na+/Li+ Storage with High Capacity and Long‐Time Stability

“…When polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is used as the carbon source, N element can be detected via XPS. In Figure b, the C 1s spectrum displays five typical peaks with binding energies of 283.8, 284.7, 285.3, 286.4, and 288.8 eV, which can be attributed to the CS, CC/CC, CN, CO, and CO functional groups, respectively . These data demonstrate that CNF‐S@TiO 2 ‐5 was efficiently doped with sulfur and that the results are in agreement with the elemental mapping results.…”