Ion-Selective Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors for Monitoring Drug Effects on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Activation in Live Cells

Cho, Youngtak; Ba, Viet Anh Pham; Jeong, Jin Young; Choi, Young-Hee; Hong, Seunghun

doi:10.3390/s20133680

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…43 It is hence quite surprising to see in Table I that only very few authors embedded this fabrication step in their workflow. The materials used for the passivation of the pads are mainly photoresists, 26,57,70,76,79,81,88 but we also found an example where an epoxy is used. 77 For their EG-CNTFET array embedded directly in a CMOS chip, Dudina et al used an SiO 2 =Si 3 N 4 passivation layer to cover the Pt pads.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…As shown in Table I, the most used substrate is the wellestablished Si=SiO 2 wafer, 56,61,[69][70][71][72][75][76][77][78][79]81,[86][87][88] thanks to its compatibility with both vacuum-and solution-processed deposition techniques for CNTs. Other rigid substrates reported for EG-CNTFETs are quartz, 73,74 and glass.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is quite straightforward to understand how the choice of the architecture directly determines the range of materials that can be used for the gate electrode. For the external gate, the vast majority of the reported literature employs a commercially available Ag/AgCl electrode, 26,38,56,69,[72][73][74][75][76][77]81,82,87,88 that uses a concentrated KCl solution to provide a stable reference potential. 89 The other materials employed for this configuration are Ag, in the form of a wire, 71 and Pt, both in the form of needle 80 and wire.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…59,76,83,84,86 Other mediums (i.e., electrolytes) that are used are tris-hydrochloric acid (Tris-HCl), 26 the Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, 38 buffer solutions prepared using the Britton-Robinson methods, 77 and the NMG buffer. 81 Not all the papers state clearly if the medium used is diluted, and in which ratio: as it will be explained in Sec. II C, the choice of the dilution is extremely important during the characterization of the EG-FET as a biosensor.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistor-based biosensors: Principles and applications

Shkodra

Petrelli

Angeli

et al. 2021

Applied Physics Reviews

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Nowadays, there is a high demand for sensitive and selective real-time analytical methods suitable for a wide range of applications, from personalized telemedicine, drug discovery, food safety, and quality control, to defense, security, as well as environmental monitoring. Biosensors are analytical devices able to detect bio-chemical analytes (e.g., neurotransmitters, cancer biomarkers, bio-molecules, and ions), through the combination of a bio-recognition element and a bio-transduction device. The use of customized bio-recognition elements such as enzymes, antibodies, aptamers, and ion-selective membranes facilitates achieving high selectivity. Among the different bio-transduction devices currently available, electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors, in which the dielectric is represented by an ionic liquid buffer solution containing the targeted analyte, are gaining increasing attention. Indeed, these biotransduction devices are characterized by superior electronic properties and intrinsic signal amplification that allow the detection of a wide rangeofbiomolecules with high sensitivity (down to pM concentration). A promising semiconducting material for bio-transduction devices is represented by carbon nanotubes, due to their unique electrical properties, nanosize, bio-compatibility, and their simple low-cost processability. This work provides acomprehensive and critical review of electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistor-based biosensors. First, an introduction to these bio-sensing devices is given. Next, the device configurations and operating principles are presented, and the most used materials and processes are reviewed with a particular focus on carbon nanotubes as the active material. Subsequently, different functionalization strategies reported in the literature, based on enzymes, antibodies, aptamers, and ion-selective membranes, are analyzed critically. Finally, present issues and challenges faced in the area are investigated,theconclusions are drawn, and a perspective outlook over the field of bio-sensing technologies, in general, is provided.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistor-based biosensors: Principles and applications

Shkodra

Petrelli

Angeli

et al. 2021

Applied Physics Reviews

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show abstract

“…Since the invention of ion-sensitive field-effect transistors that facilitate the detection of ions by P. Bergveld in 1970 [ 1 ], FET-based biosensors have been widely utilized for detecting antibody–antigen [ 2 , 3 , 4 ], DNA [ 5 , 6 ], and viruses [ 7 , 8 , 9 ] for disease diagnosis, basic research, and point-of-care testing (POCT). Advanced nanotechnology and the discovery of new materials have improved sensing performances such as sensitivity and limit of detection by the incorporation of silicon nanowires [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], carbon nanotubes [ 13 , 14 ], graphene [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide [ 18 , 19 ], and metal oxide nanostructures [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] into basic elements of FET-based biosensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Potential-Controlled Oscillation in FET-Based Biosensors

Kim

Park

Han

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors have garnered significant attention for their label-free electrical detection of charged biomolecules. Whereas conventional output parameters such as threshold voltage and channel current have been widely used for the detection and quantitation of analytes of interest, they require bulky instruments and specialized readout circuits, which often limit point-of-care testing applications. In this study, we demonstrate a simple conversion method that transforms the surface potential into an oscillating signal as an output of the FET-based biosensor. The oscillation frequency is proposed as a parameter for FET-based biosensors owing to its intrinsic advantages of simple and compact implementation of readout circuits as well as high compatibility with neuromorphic applications. An extended-gate biosensor comprising an Al2O3-deposited sensing electrode and a readout transistor is connected to a ring oscillator that generates surface potential-controlled oscillation for pH sensing. Electrical measurement of the oscillation frequency as a function of pH reveals that the oscillation frequency can be used as a sensitive and reliable output parameter in FET-based biosensors for the detection of chemical and biological species. We confirmed that the oscillation frequency is directly correlated with the threshold voltage. For signal amplification, the effects of circuit parameters on pH sensitivity are investigated using different methods, including electrical measurements, analytical calculations, and circuit simulations. An Arduino board to measure the oscillation frequency is integrated with the proposed sensor to enable portable and real-time pH measurement for point-of-care testing applications.

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A Road Map toward Field‐Effect Transistor Biosensor Technology for Early Stage Cancer Detection

Eswaran

Chokkiah²,

Pandit

et al. 2022

Small Methods

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ensure early detection, is the key to the survival of cancer patients. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Cancer biomarkers (encompassing metabolites, peptides/proteins, and nucleic acids-based markers) play a vital role in detecting cancers and monitoring their progression as well as in evaluating treatment effectiveness. Even minor changes in the levels of cancer biomarkers are very relevant for diagnostics. These minor changes need to be detected in complex biological samples, such as blood, saliva, urine, and/or other body fluids. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Hence, ultrasensitive and very specific diagnostic tools are required for the detection and quantification of such biomarkers. Conventional cancer detection methods such as computed tomography, cytological detection, magnetic resonance imaging, fluorescence imaging, immunohistochemistry, thermography, X-ray technique, radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and ultrasound method, typically encompass several stages, e.g., complex pretreatment processes, timeconsuming nucleic acid amplification or mass spectrometry analysis of protein biomarkers. In addition to being time-consuming, existing diagnostic tools are also typically expensive, and in some cases lack the required sensitivity and specificity, which limits their utility in clinical diagnostics. [13][14][15][16] Recent advancements in micro/nanoelectromechanical system (M/ NEMS) technology show their potential to overcome such drawbacks and have the possibility to fabricate a miniaturized device with highly selective and sensitive clinical diagnostic functions.

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Ion-Selective Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors for Monitoring Drug Effects on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Activation in Live Cells

Cited by 16 publications

References 72 publications

Electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistor-based biosensors: Principles and applications

Electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistor-based biosensors: Principles and applications

Surface Potential-Controlled Oscillation in FET-Based Biosensors

A Road Map toward Field‐Effect Transistor Biosensor Technology for Early Stage Cancer Detection

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