Iodine and fertility: do we know enough?

Mathews, Divya M; Johnson, Neil; Sim, Robert G; O'Sullivan, Susannah; Peart, Jane; Hofman, Paul L.

doi:10.1093/humrep/deaa312

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Estrogen can influence iodine absorption by the ovaries. Estradiol promotes proliferation while suppressing sodium-iodine symporter gene expression, which can explain iodine accumulation in the walls of large Graafian follicles, followed by a shift to the follicular fluid [ 216 , 217 , 218 ].…”

Section: Trace Elements and Female Reproductive Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon reflection, antigen-presenting cells may control the formation and maintenance of an implanted embryo that is alien to the endometrium [ 219 ]. However, compelling evidence from using high doses of iodine, whether in concentrated or large amounts, may interfere by causing edema and hemorrhage in the lamina propria of the uterine tissue [ 218 , 219 , 220 ]. There is still much to be explored, and with today’s advances and a better understanding of the topic, there is potential to underpin fertility and iodine usages.…”

Section: Trace Elements and Female Reproductive Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Essentiality of Trace Elements in Pregnancy, Fertility, and Gynecologic Cancers—A State-of-the-Art Review

et al. 2021

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Gynecological neoplasms pose a serious threat to women’s health. It is estimated that in 2020, there were nearly 1.3 million new cases worldwide, from which almost 50% ended in death. The most commonly diagnosed are cervical and endometrial cancers; when it comes to infertility, it affects ~48.5 million couples worldwide and the number is continually rising. Ageing of the population, environmental factors such as dietary habits, environmental pollutants and increasing prevalence of risk factors may affect the reproductive potential in women. Therefore, in order to identify potential risk factors for these issues, attention has been drawn to trace elements. Trace mineral imbalances can be caused by a variety of causes, starting with hereditary diseases, finishing with an incorrect diet or exposure to polluted air or water. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding trace elements imbalances in the case of gynecologic cancers as well as female fertility and during pregnancy.

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Section: Trace Elements and Female Reproductive Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trace Elements and Female Reproductive Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essentiality of Trace Elements in Pregnancy, Fertility, and Gynecologic Cancers—A State-of-the-Art Review

et al. 2021

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“…Interestingly, a U-shaped relationship between pre-pregnancy iodine exposure and maternal subclinical hypothyroidism has also been proposed. 12 Chronic excessive iodine supplementation can lead to (i) failure to escape the Wolff-Chaikoff effect resulting in persistent inhibition of Tg iodination and (ii) iodine-induced toxic damage of thyrocytes. 13 Even relatively short exposures to moderately increased intakes of iodine (400-500 mcg daily for four weeks) A universal downward trend in Tg levels was demonstrated post oocyte retrieval (TP4), reaching significance in those women not taking iodine supplements or taking iodine for >6 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prior iodine exposure and impact on thyroid function during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: A prospective study

Bradbury

Christie-David

Smith

et al. 2021

Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco

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Iodine supplements are recommended for women planning pregnancy, but their impact on thyroid function during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and into pregnancy is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of iodine supplementation on thyroid function during COH.Methods: One-hundred and six euthyroid women (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 0.4-2.5 mIU/L) planning their first COH cycle were subdivided according to iodine supplementation (nil, <6 months, ≥6 months) and compared to levothyroxine (LT4)-treated controls. Serial TSH, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine and thyroglobulin (Tg) levels were recorded at four time points: (i) baseline, (ii) day 7 ovarian stimulation, (iii) ovulation trigger and (iv) two weeks post oocyte retrieval.Oocyte numbers, fertilisation rates and pregnancy outcome were recorded.Results: TSH increased during COH for those women taking iodine supplements for ≥6 months (P = 0.025). One quarter recorded a TSH level >2.5 mIU/L before embryo transfer. A similar increase in TSH was demonstrated by LT4-dependent controls (P = 0.024) but not the remaining subgroups. Tg levels did not change during COH in any group but decreased significantly post oocyte retrieval if nil iodine (P < 0.0001) or supplemented for ≥6 months (P < 0.005). Iodine supplementation did not influence oocyte count, fertilisation or implantation rates. Women taking iodine for <6 months were four times more likely to achieve a live birth than women taking iodine for longer.Conclusions: Women taking iodine supplements for ≥6 months are less able to adapt to the thyroidal demands of COH, with responses comparable to LT4-dependent patients.

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“…At the moment, however, it is not clear which mechanism plays the greatest role in improving fertility. Currently, oil flushing is becoming more and more widely used as an independent method of infertility treatment in endometriosis and idiopathic infertility [65][66][67][68].…”

Section: Ethiodized Oil Perfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology and Immunotherapy of Endometriosis

Maksym

Hoffmann-Młodzianowska

Skibińska

et al. 2021

JCM

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Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological and systemic diseases, with a remarkable immune background. Patients suffer from pain and fertility reduction. Due to the distinct immune component, an immunotherapeutic approach may gain importance in the future. In endometriosis, shifts in the cell fractions of the immune system are well known. Moreover, hypoxia concomitant with inflammation causes a disturbed immune response. The removal of endometriosis has a therapeutic effect, normalizes the immune disorders, and remains the most effective causative treatment in terms of pain and infertility. A key issue is whether a similar effect can be achieved for fertility with non-invasive immunotherapy where surgery is inadvisable or cannot be performed for various reasons. Numerous immunotherapy trials, including vaccines, were conducted on animals only, although the research is encouraging. Among the promising methods of non-specific immunotherapy is the administration of an ethiodized oil contrast. Moreover, due to the significant successes of immunotherapy in oncology, the possibility of immunotherapy affecting NK cells has been postulated. NK cells are responsible for the surveillance and apoptosis of ectopic cells. Expanding the arsenal of endometriosis treatment by immunotherapy is promising due to the significant contribution of immunological factors and the limitations of current treatment methods.

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Iodine and fertility: do we know enough?

Cited by 18 publications

References 75 publications

Essentiality of Trace Elements in Pregnancy, Fertility, and Gynecologic Cancers—A State-of-the-Art Review

Essentiality of Trace Elements in Pregnancy, Fertility, and Gynecologic Cancers—A State-of-the-Art Review

Prior iodine exposure and impact on thyroid function during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: A prospective study

Immunology and Immunotherapy of Endometriosis

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