Involvement of α-MSH in the social isolation induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in rat

Kokare, Dadasaheb M.; Dandekar, Manoj P.; Singru, Praful S.; Gupta, Girdhari Lal; Subhedar, Nishikant K.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.01.006

Cited by 98 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The socially isolated rats showed anxiety, depression and hypoalgesia, which was reversed following re-socialization. 17,51,52 In this study, 7 days re-socialization of 6 weeks isolation-reared rats resulted in decline in the feeding and body weight to the control levels. Previous studies reported that the effects of resocialization, like decreased food intake and body weight, were attributed to various factors like housing changeinduced temporary stress, 12 mutual hindrance in feeding, 11 increased bodily activity and energy expenditure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…It was also speculated that, increased feeding and reduced energy expenditure might cause weight gain in socially isolated animals. 8,9 Although several neuroactive substances in the brain like serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, neurosteroids, neuropeptide Y and a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone are known to change following social isolation, [13][14][15][16][17] CART seems to be the first identified agent that reversed social isolationinduced hyperphagia and weight gain. Moreover, CART immunoreactivity in the DMH, VMH, LH, PVN and ARC was greatly reduced following social isolation as compared with the group-housed control rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12] Social isolation is known to induce profound changes in a range of endogenous neurotransmitter systems. Increased serotonin 13 and neuropeptide Y 14 levels and decreased dopamine, noradrenaline, 15 neurosteroids, 16 a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone 17 and cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) 18 contents were noticed following social isolation. However, the precise neuronal mechanisms that link social isolation with hyperphagia and body weight gain are yet to be understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central regulation of feeding behavior during social isolation of rat: evidence for the role of endogenous CART system

et al. 2010

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Objective: Although hyperphagia and body weight gain are well-recognized consequences of social isolation, the underlying mechanisms are not understood. The aim of this work is to test the possibility that the endogenous cocaine-and amphetamineregulated transcript peptide (CART) may be involved in the process. Design: Socially isolated rats were screened for increase in food intake and body weight, and the modifications of these parameters by CART were evaluated. Furthermore, isolated animals were re-socialized and screened for reversal of these effects. Response of the endogenous CART system, in certain hypothalamic nuclei of the isolated and re-socialized rats, was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. Subjects: Fifty days old naive male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Measurements: The effects of CART/CART antibody on the social isolation and subsequent re-socialization on feeding and body weight changes were monitored. Moreover, the immunohistochemical response of endogenous CART system to social isolation and re-socialization was analyzed morphometrically. Results: While social isolation of rats for a period of 6 weeks caused progressive increase in food consumption and body weight gain, these rats showed a significant reduction in food intake and body weight when injected daily with CART via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) route, for the following 7 days. The re-socialization of isolated rats reduced food intake and body weight to the control levels. These effects of re-socialization were attenuated by immunoneutralization of the endogenous CART by i.c.v. CART antibody. Social isolation also resulted in a drastic reduction in CART immunoreactivity in the cells and/or fibers in the hypothalamic areas like dorsomedial, ventromedial, lateral, paraventricular and arcuate nuclei, recognized for their role in feeding. On the other hand, the CART immunoreactivity profile was fully restored following 7 days of re-socialization of the isolation-reared rats. Conclusion: Social isolation might down-regulate the hypothalamic CART-containing system, which in turn may lead to increase in food intake and body weight.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central regulation of feeding behavior during social isolation of rat: evidence for the role of endogenous CART system

et al. 2010

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“…Anorexigenic hormones like leptin are released after food ingestion and, via similar mechanisms, activate neuropeptides such as glucagon-like peptide 1 and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) to promote satiety (Pimentel et al, 2012). When bound to melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R), the final pathway in satiety signaling (Cone, 2005), α-MSH is involved in the regulation of mood and emotion as well (Kokare et al, 2010).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Edsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiota, the Gut and the Brain in Eating and Alcohol Use Disorders: A ‘Ménage à Trois’?

Temko

Bouhlal

Farokhnia

et al. 2017

Alcohol and Alcoholism

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Aims: Accumulating evidence for the influence of the gut microbiota on the bidirectional communication along the gut-brain axis suggests a role of the gut microbiota in eating disorders (EDs) and alcohol and substance use disorders. The potential influence of altered gut microbiota (dysbiosis) on behaviors associated with such disorders may have implications for developing therapeutic interventions. Methods: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the gut microbiota, EDs and alcohol and substance use disorders was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science databases with the objective being to examine the role of the gut microbiota in behavioral correlates of these disorders. Original papers focused on the gut microbiota and potential behavioral implications were deemed eligible for consideration. Results: The resulting 12 publications were limited to gut microbiota studies related to EDs and alcohol and substance use disorders. Some studies suggest that dysbiosis and gut microbial byproducts may influence the pathophysiology of EDs via direct and indirect interference with peptide hormone signaling. Additionally, dysbiosis was shown to be correlated with alcohol use disorder-related symptoms, i.e. craving, depression and anxiety. Finally, a mouse study suggests that manipulations in the gut microbiota may affect cocaine-related behaviors. Conclusions: Promising, albeit preliminary, findings suggest a potential role of the gut microbiota in behavioral correlates of EDs and alcohol and substance use disorders. Short summary: Preliminary evidence exists supporting the role of the gut microbiota in eating disorders and alcohol and substance use disorders, although additional investigation is needed to determine what is causative versus epiphenomenological.

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“…Indeed, in both humans and mice, gene mutations of POMC [6,7] and MC4 R [8,9] lead to overeating and obesity. Furthermore, MC4 R is involved in signaling mood and emotion [10,11]. ACTH is also a major mediator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, acting via MC2 R in the adrenal cortex to increase cortisol secretion in response to stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-related effects of nutritional supplementation of Escherichia coli: Relevance to eating disorders

et al. 2015

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Involvement of α-MSH in the social isolation induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in rat

Cited by 98 publications

References 35 publications

Central regulation of feeding behavior during social isolation of rat: evidence for the role of endogenous CART system

Central regulation of feeding behavior during social isolation of rat: evidence for the role of endogenous CART system

The Microbiota, the Gut and the Brain in Eating and Alcohol Use Disorders: A ‘Ménage à Trois’?

Sex-related effects of nutritional supplementation of Escherichia coli: Relevance to eating disorders

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