Involvement of Two-Component Signaling on Bacterial Motility and Biofilm Development

Abstract

Two-component signaling is a specialized mechanism that bacteria use to respond to changes in their environment. Nonpathogenic strains of Escherichia coli K-12 harbor 30 histidine kinases and 32 response regulators, which form a network of regulation that integrates many other global regulators that do not follow the two-component signaling mechanism, as well as signals from central metabolism. The output of this network is a multitude of phenotypic changes in response to changes in the environment. Among these phenotypic changes, many twocomponent systems control motility and/or the formation of biofilm, sessile communities of bacteria that form on surfaces. Motility is the first reversible attachment phase of biofilm development, followed by a so-called swim or stick switch toward surface organelles that aid in the subsequent phases. In the mature biofilm, motility heterogeneity is generated by a combination of evolutionary and gene regulatory events.

Thinking Outside the Box—Novel Antibacterials To Tackle the Resistance Crisis

“…[236] Typically,b iofilm formation occurs in five well-organized steps:1 )reversible attachment on as urface,2 )irreversible adhesion, 3) microcolony development, 4) extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion and three-dimensional biofilm maturation, and 5) dispersal. [240] Although interfering with these signaling systems represents apromising strategy to block biofilm formation as discussed in Section 4, [241] some other approaches are also promising for biofilm treatment. [240] Although interfering with these signaling systems represents apromising strategy to block biofilm formation as discussed in Section 4, [241] some other approaches are also promising for biofilm treatment.…”

“…These steps are deliberately regulated by bacterial signaling systems such as QS, [237,238] dicyclic-GMP signaling, [239] and two-component system (TCS). [240] Although interfering with these signaling systems represents apromising strategy to block biofilm formation as discussed in Section 4, [241] some other approaches are also promising for biofilm treatment.…”

2‐Tridecanone impacts surface‐associated bacterial behaviours and hinders plant–bacteria interactions

“…Both processes are multicellular surface‐associated behaviours which confer resistance to different stressors. In addition, they are often controlled by the same regulatory pathways (Verstraeten et al ., ; Prüβ, ), and influenced by the same chemical cues, which include quorum sensing signals and volatile compounds.…”

Über bisherige Denkweisen hinaus – neue Wirkstoffe zur Überwindung der Antibiotika‐Krise

“…[188] So zeigten Bakterien, die in Biofilmen eingebettet sind, im Vergleich zu planktonischen Erregern in einigen Fällen eine 100-bis 1000-fach hçhere Toleranz gegenüber antimikrobiellen Verbindungen. Alle diese Stufen sind dabei gezielt durch bakterielle Signalübertragungs-Systeme wie QS, [237,238] dizyklische GMP-Signalübertragung [239] und Zwei-Komponentensystemen (two-component systems,T CS) [240] reguliert. Alle diese Stufen sind dabei gezielt durch bakterielle Signalübertragungs-Systeme wie QS, [237,238] dizyklische GMP-Signalübertragung [239] und Zwei-Komponentensystemen (two-component systems,T CS) [240] reguliert.…”

“…[236] Typischerweise erfolgt die Bildung des Biofilms in fünf gut organisierten Stufen:1 )reversibles Anheften an eine Oberfläche,2 )irreversible Adhäsion, 3) Entwicklung von Mikrokolonien, 4) Sekretion von extrazellulären Polymeren (extracellular polymeric substance,E PS) und dreidimensionale Ausreifung und 5) Streuung. Alle diese Stufen sind dabei gezielt durch bakterielle Signalübertragungs-Systeme wie QS, [237,238] dizyklische GMP-Signalübertragung [239] und Zwei-Komponentensystemen (two-component systems,T CS) [240] reguliert. Auch wenn die Beeinträchtigung dieser Signalsysteme -w ie bereits in der Einleitung von Abschnitt 4d iskutiert -e ine vielversprechende Strategie darstellt, um die Bildung von Biofilmen zu verhindern, [241] gibt es weitere,v ielversprechende Ansätze füre ine erfolgreiche Biofilm-Behandlung.…”