Involvement of transforming growth factor-β3 and betaglycan in the cytoarchitecture of postoperative omental adhesions

Biomaterial Implants in Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair: A Review on the Importance of the Peritoneal Interface

“…It is mainly composed of white adipose tissue in a lobular configuration septated by connective tissue and delineated by a mesothelial layer. It contains abundant blood and lymphatic vessels, especially in the submesothelial layer, and lymphoid bodies, so-called milky spots, in the outermost layer of the omentum or embedded in the adipose tissue [49]. The existence of this organ in the abdominal cavity largely conditions the host tissue response to a biomaterial implant in this location.…”

“…The existence of this organ in the abdominal cavity largely conditions the host tissue response to a biomaterial implant in this location. The omentum shows a rapid response to abdominal injury, with the mobilization of cells comprising the milky spots that proliferate and spread over the omental tissue [49] and secrete growth factors and cytokines related to tissue repair and remodeling [43,49]. MCs (especially those near milky spots) have shown changes in their phenotype in response to injury, returning to normality only after tissue repair [50].…”

“…Besides, fibrocytes, pericytes and fibroblasts contained in the omentum provide an environment that supports tissue growth via angiogenic factors and cytokines that promote wound closure, vascular development and remodeling as well as collagen deposition [43]. A different progression of the omental tissue involved in adhesions to an adipose or fibrotic phenotype has been observed and correlated to the presence of different isoforms of TGF-β (TGF-β1 and TGF-β3) and the concomitant expression of the soluble or the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (type III TGF-β receptor) [49]. A similar role for the different isoforms of TGF-β and their receptors in the response of peritoneum to abdominal injury is still to be investigated.…”

Advanced non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and adipose tissue fibrosis in patients with Alström syndrome

“…1 and Table 3. Median AST and ALT were 32 (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44) and 50 (33-76) IU/L respectively. 27/30 patients underwent abdominal ultrasound scanning.…”

Intra-abdominal adhesions: Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and treatment

“…(17) More recently milky spots in areas of omental adhesions have been shown to contain inflammatory cells expressing TGF-β-1 and -3 and betaglycan, a non-signaling TGF-β receptor; they thus may affect the progression and resolution of adhesions. (18) Other factors that contribute to the peritoneal absorption of fluids, particles and cells include passive diffusion, body movement, differential pressures between the circulatory system and the peritoneal cavity, intercellular and transcellular transport and pinocytosis. Convection and diffusion represent the main transport mechanisms.…”