Involvement of serotonin in the hypoglycemic response to 2Hz electroacupuncture of zusanli acupoint (ST36) in rats

Chang, Shih‐Liang; Tsai, Chin Chuan; Lin, Jaung Geng; Hsieh, Ching Liang; Lin, Rong; Cheng, Juei Tang

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.12.057

Cited by 54 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Moreover, the implantable electrodes are more feasible to investigate the long-term effects of EA. In the previous studies, EA treatment period was 7-14 days [18,19], while in the current study, we achieved a significant weight loss in the DIO rats with 2-month CEA treatment. In this study, CEA was compared with sham-CEA in which electrodes were also implanted but not stimulated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…Similar hypoglycemic effect of EA was reported in the literature. In the earlier studies, Chang et al demonstrated EA at either abdominal acupoints or ST36 reduced plasma glucose level and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin by improving insulin sensitivity and/or increase insulin-hypoglycemic activity [18,19]. In a recent study, abdominal EA was shown to improve glucose tolerance and increase insulin sensitivity in a mouse model of insulin resistance [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic Electrical Stimulation at Acupoints Reduces Body Weight and Improves Blood Glucose in Obese Rats via Autonomic Pathway

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Electrical Stimulation at Acupoints Reduces Body Weight and Improves Blood Glucose in Obese Rats via Autonomic Pathway

et al. 2014

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“…This response was partly blocked by naloxone, a -opioid receptor antagonist, suggesting that peripheral ␤-endorphin secretion participates in the regulation of glucose concentrations (9,43,44). The hypoglycemic response to EA may also involve serotonin, which also lowers plasma glucose levels (10). Interestingly, naltrexone, another -receptor antagonist, improves cyclicity, induces ovulation, and decreases LH, the LH/FSH ratio, and testosterone levels in women with PCOS (1,24).…”

Section: E554mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intense electroacupuncture normalizes insulin sensitivity, increases muscle GLUT4 content, and improves lipid profile in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome

Johansson

Feng

Shao

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Intense electroacupuncture normalizes insulin sensitivity, increases muscle GLUT4 content, and improves lipid profile in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 299: E551-E559, 2010. First published July 27, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00323.2010.-Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, possibly reflecting defects in skeletal muscle and adipocyte insulin signaling. Low-frequency (2 Hz) electroacupuncture (EA) increases insulin sensitivity in female rats with dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS, but the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that low-frequency EA regulates mediators involved in skeletal muscle glucose uptake and metabolism and alters the lipid profile in rats with DHT-induced PCOS. To test this hypothesis, we implanted in prepubescent female rats 90-day continuousrelease pellets containing DHT (PCOS). At 70 days of age, the rats were randomly subdivided into two groups: one received lowfrequency EA (evoking muscle twitches) for 20 -25 min five times/wk for 4 -5 wk; the other did not. Controls were implanted with pellets containing vehicle only. All three groups were otherwise handled similarly. Lipid profile was measured in fasting blood samples. Insulin sensitivity was determined by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, soleus muscle protein expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated Akt, and Akt substrate of 160 kDa was determined by Western blot analysis and GLUT4 location by immunofluorescence staining. PCOS EA rats had normalized insulin sensitivity, lower levels of total high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased expression of GLUT4 in different compartments of skeletal muscle compared with PCOS rats. Total weight and body composition did not differ in the groups. Thus, in rats with DHT-induced PCOS, low-frequency EA has systemic and local effects involving intracellular signaling pathways in muscle that may, at least in part, account for the marked improved insulin sensitivity.acupuncture; glucose transporter 4; insulin resistance; muscle contraction; skeletal muscle HYPERANDROGENEMIA IS THE MOST PROMINENT endocrine phenotype in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (56) in addition to ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovary morphology (3). The main metabolic phenotype is hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, which are independent of body weight (19,40). Other metabolic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance are obesity, dyslipidemia, and increased risk for type 2 diabetes.The mechanisms for the association between endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in PCOS are unclear (13, 18). PCOS is characterized by clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism. In female rats and humans, exogenous exposure to testosterone or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) leads to insulin resistance and obesity (4,14,17,22,50,58). The insulin resistance in women with PCOS is associated with a dyslipidemia characterized by low levels of high...

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“…Needles were inserted at bilateral Zusanli (ST36), which is located at the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle below the knees. 8 Rats were allowed to move freely in the cage Figure 1 Flowchart of study design. At 4 weeks of age, rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: standard chow diet (control), high-fructose diet (HFD) and HFD with electroacupuncture (HFD+EA).…”

Section: Ea Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Application of Low-Frequency Electroacupuncture Improves High-Fructose Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats

et al. 2011

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Background Insulin resistance is frequently present in obesity and during the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on high-fructose diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. Methods Male Wistar rats were fed HFD for 4 weeks and developed insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by clamp. The number of animals was seven, eight and seven in the control, HFD and HFD+EA groups, respectively. AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle were measured by Western blotting analysis (n=7 in each group). EA stimulation was carried out 12 times over 4 weeks at an intensity of 1-3 mA and a frequency of 2/15 Hz in a conscious state without restraint. Results There was no signifi cant difference in mean body weight and fasting blood glucose concentration between groups at the end of the experiment. The mean glucose infusion rate during the clamp was signifi cantly lower in the HFD group than in controls (p<0.05). There was no signifi cant difference in expression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle in the control and each group. Phosphorylated AMPKα (Thr 172 ) in skeletal muscle showed a signifi cant increase immediately after the fi nal EA stimulation when compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion Repeated application of EA is capable of improving diet-induced insulin resistance, probably through activation of AMPK signalling pathways in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that repeated application of EA may have benefi cial effects on diet-induced insulin resistance. INTRODUCTIONDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that can lead to a wide range of complications, including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disorders, renal failure, blindness and gangrene. The prevalence of diabetes among adults (aged 20-79 years) in 2010 was estimated to be 6.4%, affecting 285 million adults, and will increase to 7.7% (439 million adults) by 2030. 1Insulin resistance is frequently present in obesity and during the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is generally defi ned as a reduction in the body's ability to clear a glucose load from circulation in response to insulin. Although there is controversy regarding the relative importance of insulin resistance and impaired β cell function in the pathogenesis of diabetes, some studies have proposed that loss of early insulin response to glucose and poor suppression of hepatic glucose output are primarily responsible for development of the disease.2 Pharmacological agents that reduce insulin resistance are clinically available, but they carry a potential risk of serious complications.3 4 In the last decade, increasing evidence has suggested that electroacupuncture (EA) may improve glucose metabolism by modifying insulin sensitivity.5 6 Studies have suggested that EA increases insulin secretion and/or enhances insulin sensitivity in diabetic and obese rodent models.5 7 However, the electrical stimulation int...

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Involvement of serotonin in the hypoglycemic response to 2Hz electroacupuncture of zusanli acupoint (ST36) in rats

Cited by 54 publications

References 17 publications

Chronic Electrical Stimulation at Acupoints Reduces Body Weight and Improves Blood Glucose in Obese Rats via Autonomic Pathway

Chronic Electrical Stimulation at Acupoints Reduces Body Weight and Improves Blood Glucose in Obese Rats via Autonomic Pathway

Intense electroacupuncture normalizes insulin sensitivity, increases muscle GLUT4 content, and improves lipid profile in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome

Repeated Application of Low-Frequency Electroacupuncture Improves High-Fructose Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats

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