Invisible Wounds of War Psychological and Cognitive Injuries,Their Consequences, and Services to Assist Recovery: Summary

Tanielian, Terri; Jaycox, Lisa H.

doi:10.1037/e527612010-001

Cited by 1,038 publications

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“…Stemming from the recognition that warfare exposure has broad-ranging impacts on mental health (Tanielian & Jaycox, 2008), gender differences in associations between different dimensions of combat-related stress and posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS), depression, substance abuse, and mental health functional status were examined in addition to evaluating mean gender differences on combat-related stressors. These analyses controlled for additional stressors-namely, prior life stress exposure and deployment sexual harassment-to isolate unique relationships between combat-related stressors and different aspects of postdeployment mental health.…”

Section: Abstract: Gender Veterans Military Personnel Trauma Exposmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in combat-related stressors and their association with postdeployment mental health in a nationally representative sample of U.S. OEF/OIF veterans.

Vogt

Vaughn

Glickman

et al. 2011

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

204

157

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Though the broader literature suggests that women may be more vulnerable to the effects of trauma exposure, most available studies on combat trauma have relied on samples in which women's combat exposure is limited and analyses that do not directly address gender differences in associations between combat exposure and postdeployment mental health. Female service members' increased exposure to combat in Afghanistan and Iraq provides a unique opportunity to evaluate gender differences in different dimensions of combatrelated stress and associated consequence for postdeployment mental health. The current study addressed these research questions in a representative sample of female and male U.S. veterans who had returned from deployment to Afghanistan or Iraq within the previous year. As expected, women reported slightly less exposure than men to most combat-related stressors, but higher exposure to other stressors (i.e., prior life stress, deployment sexual harassment). No gender differences were observed in reports of perceived threat in the war zone. Though it was hypothesized that combat-related stressors would demonstrate stronger negative associations with postdeployment mental health for women, only one of 16 stressor ϫ gender interactions achieved statistical significance and an evaluation of the clinical significance of these interactions revealed that effects were trivial. Results suggest that female Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom service members may be as resilient to combat-related stress as men. Future research is needed to evaluate gender differences in the longer-term effects of combat exposure.

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Section: Abstract: Gender Veterans Military Personnel Trauma Exposmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in combat-related stressors and their association with postdeployment mental health in a nationally representative sample of U.S. OEF/OIF veterans.

Vogt

Vaughn

Glickman

et al. 2011

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

204

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since 2001, more than 2 million troops have deployed to the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) in AfghanistanDespite improvements that reduce injury and risks of long-term effects from casualties [3][4][5], up to 19 percent of returning servicemembers are thought to have experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI), the "signature injury" of GWOT [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisensory impairment reported by veterans with and without mild traumatic brain injury history

Pogoda¹,

Hendricks²,

Iverson³

et al. 2012

JRRD

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Abstract-With the use of Veterans Health Administration and Department of Defense databases of veterans who completed a Department of Veterans Affairs comprehensive traumatic brain injury (TBI) evaluation, the objectives of this study were to (1) identify the co-occurrence of self-reported auditory, visual, and vestibular impairment, referred to as multisensory impairment (MSI), and (2) examine demographic, deployment-related, and mental health characteristics that were potentially predictive of MSI. Our sample included 13,746 veterans with either a history of deployment-related mild TBI (mTBI) (n = 9,998) or no history of TBI (n = 3,748). The percentage of MSI across the sample was 13.9%, but was 17.4% in a subsample with mTBI history that experienced both nonblast and blast injuries. The factors that were significantly predictive of reporting MSI were older age, being female, lower rank, and etiology of injury. Deployment-related mTBI history, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression were also significantly predictive of reporting MSI, with mTBI history the most robust after adjusting for these conditions. A better comprehension of impairments incurred by deployed servicemembers is needed to fully understand the spectrum of blast and nonblast dysfunction and may allow for more targeted interventions to be developed to address these issues.

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“…With regard to access, Tanielian and Jaycox (2008) found that only about half of service members faced with PTSD and MDD seek and receive help from a physician or mental health provider and more than half of probable TBI patients have never seen a doctor. Along with problems accessing care, quality of care has shown to be an issue.…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More servicemembers are surviving war experiences that would have led to death in previous wars, resulting in the further emergence of "invisible wounds" such as mental health conditions and cognitive disorders. The three major disorders of the wars cited in the recent Rand report (Tanielian and Jaycox, 2008) are Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD; 5-15% prevalence), Major Depression Disorder (MDD; 2-14% prevalence), and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI; 2-6% prevalence).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stakeholder Approach to Better Understand the Psychological Health Services in the Military

Ippolito

Srinivasan

2011

INCOSE International Symp

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Abstract. Ensuring the psychological well-being of service members and their families has emerged as one of the principal challenges of today"s armed services. Given that the system of care of psychological health services in the United States Military cannot be divorced from the large healthcare delivery system, an enterprise perspective is needed to truly understand the dynamics of the system of care. This paper makes two key contributions: it identifies the key stakeholders of the military health enterprise with respect to psychological health, and analyzes the espoused senior leadership values over the last decade as seen in the stakeholder reports. This stakeholder analysis highlights the challenges faced in melding the constituent organizations into an enterprise, especially in the face of leadership turnover. The thematic analysis of senior leadership values shows an evolution of focus from managing execution of care to a more holistic emphasis on healthy lifestyles and psychological health.

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Invisible Wounds of War Psychological and Cognitive Injuries,Their Consequences, and Services to Assist Recovery: Summary

Cited by 1,038 publications

References 0 publications

Gender differences in combat-related stressors and their association with postdeployment mental health in a nationally representative sample of U.S. OEF/OIF veterans.

Gender differences in combat-related stressors and their association with postdeployment mental health in a nationally representative sample of U.S. OEF/OIF veterans.

Multisensory impairment reported by veterans with and without mild traumatic brain injury history

Stakeholder Approach to Better Understand the Psychological Health Services in the Military

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