Investigations into the phylogeny of the Lycosoid spiders and their kin (Arachnida: Araneae, Lycosoidea)

Abstract

Griswold, Charles E. Investigations into the Phy logeny of the Lycosoid Spiders and Their Kin (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosoidea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 539, 39 pages, 87 figures, 4 tables, 1993.-The phylogenetic relationships of spider families classically placed in the superfamily Lycosoidea, which possess a grate-shaped tapetum in some or all of the indirect eyes, are examined through exemplar taxa scored for 68 classical or newly elaborated characters. A derived calamistrum, which forms an oval to rectangular patch, is considered a synapomorphy uniting the Lycosoidea and several other genera formerly placed in the Tengellidae and Miturgidae. In the resulting analysis the Lycosoidea are shown to be monophyletic and the Tengellidae and Miturgidae polyphyletic. The Senoculidae, Oxyopidae, Stiphidiidae, and Psechridae form a monophyletic group. The monophyly of the Lycosidae, Trechaleidae (including Rhoicininae), Pisauridae plus Dolomedidae, and Zoropsidae are confirmed, whereas monophyly of the Ctenidae, Machadoniinae, and Uliodoninae are called into question. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Griswold, Charles E. Investigations into the phylogeny of the Lycosoid spiders and their kin (Arachnida: Araneae, Lycosoidea) / Charles E. Griswold. p. cm.-(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 539) Includes bibliographical references.

Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: I. Amauropelma gen. nov. (Araneomorphae: Ctenidae)

“…The family (sensu Lehtinen, 1967 and Griswold, 1993and Griswold, , 1993 included claw-tufted spiders with two recurved eye rows (e.g. Diaprograpta Simon, 1909), although in most genera the back eye row is straight or slightly procurved.…”

“…Males lack tibial cracks and cymbial scopula and the tapetum is grate-shaped. Hence, the genus cladistically rises above the Tengellidae and Zoropsidae (as grouped by Griswold, 1993). Females have lateral teeth on the epigyne and, along with the curvature of the eye rows, the Ctenidae are clearly their closest relatives although cladistically Amauropelma may be the sister group of most other ctenids.…”

New lycosoid spiders from cave and surface habitats in southern Australia and Cape Range peninsula (Araneae: Lycosoidea)

“…A bimarginate median apophysis is found only in genera of the "ctenoid complex", with the exception of Devendra. A basodorsal cymbial apophysis is recorded in the zorocratid genus Zorodictyna and the ctenoid genus Ctenus (Griswold, 1993). Taken 165 together, the characters of Huntia noted above, along with the presence of two recurved eye rows and epigynal teeth, suggest that this genus belongs near Machadonia in Griswold's "ctenoid complex" (genera Devendra, Phanotea, Machadonia, Ctenus and Phoneutria).…”

“…novo has a longer fovea; 5-6 pairs of tibial spines; ITC are present; tarsal organs are rod-like and more proximally placed (see "Comments" under this species regarding its generic placement). Relationships Based upon the character distribution of the tibial crack, a basal suture line found on the male leg tibiae (Griswold, 1991(Griswold, , 1993, it is likely that the ecribellate genus Huntia belongs either with the mostly cribellate Zorocratidae and Zoropsidae or the entirely ecribellate "ctenoid complex" of Griswold (1993). A longer labium and the absence of claw tufts suggests that Huntia is not a zoropsid.…”

“…The ecribellate spiders examined here are associated with the tengellid-zorocratid-Iycosoid complex of Griswold (1993) and Griswold et al (1999). This is a large assemblage of both cribellate and ecribellate spiders whose Australian representatives are numerous but contain many groups that are poorly known or understood.…”