Investigations into the Antiadhesive Activity of Herbal Extracts Against Campylobacter jejuni

Abstract

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrhoea in the industrialized world, being associated with the occurrence of Guillain-Barré Syndrome, and inducing diseases partially through intestinal adherence. With increasing reports of C. jejuni drug resistance against standard antibiotics, investigations into antiadhesive agents for the prevention of bacterial infection are highly significant. Given the consumer-driven development towards holistic and integrative healthcare, research into additional anti-Campylobacter effects of herbal medicines that are already used for their beneficial effects on bowel and digestive functions is important. Twenty-one herbal extracts were screened for antiadhesive activity against C. jejuni using modifications of previously published antiadhesion assays. Antiadhesion effects with IC(50) values <3 mg/mL were obtained for seven ethanol plant extracts, with Zingiber officinale (ginger), Capsicum annum (cayenne) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) displaying the highest antiadhesion activity against C. jejuni (IC(50) : <0.1 mg/mL, 0.29 mg/mL and 0.65 mg/mL, respectively). Differences in antiadhesion activity were found for two different Echinacea species, with E. purpurea displaying significantly higher and dose dependent antiadhesion activity than E. angustifolia. No significant antiadhesion activity (IC(50) values >35 mg/mL) was found for Agrimonia eupatoria (agrimony), Andrographis paniculata (andrographis), Matricaria recutita (chamomile), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Filipendula ulmaria (meadowsweet) and Artemisia absinthium (wormwood) extracts. This study provides evidence for additional beneficial effects of marketed herbal medicines in gastrointestinal disorders.

Trans-Cinnamaldehyde, Carvacrol, and Eugenol Reduce Campylobacter jejuni Colonization Factors and Expression of Virulence Genes in Vitro

“…(van Alphen et al, 2012) had similar findings and observed that pre-exposure of C. jejuni to low concentrations of carvacrol modulated motility and invasion of INT-407 intestinal epithelial cells without affecting intracellular ATP levels or epithelial function. Reduced motility and attachment efficiency in C. jejuni on exposure to clove oil (Kovács, 2014), thyme (Pogacar et al, 2016), herbal extracts (Bensch et al, 2011), and campynexins (Johnson et al, 2015) have also been observed.…”

The efficacy of some medicinal plants used locally within Transmara west, Narok County, Kenya against selected Enterobacteria and Candida

“…This is from the assertion that for many herbal extracts, synergy among multiple constituents exists [51]. The large number of pharmacologically active compounds in the plant increases the likelihood of interactions taking place [52].…”

YesU from Bacillus subtilis preferentially binds fucosylated glycans

“…Adherence assays were performed using Caco-2 human intestinal cell lines essentially as previously described 54 . Briefly, cells were seeded at 10 5 cells/well in a black wall 96-well cell culture plates in minimal essential medium (MEM) for 48–72 h prior to bacterial challenge.…”