“…MMM detection technology has been widely applied in the study of fatigue failure of ferromagnetic materials, such as fatigue crack tests on steel structures, weld fatigue tests, pipeline scratch tests, and cracks in large machinery, and has achieved certain results. For example, Jin, Di, et al conducted tensile fatigue tests on Q235B steel notched specimens under square wave loading and measured magnetic memory signals, obtaining that the magnetomechanical effect can better explain the changes in magnetic memory signals during the initial stage of cycling [6]; He, Zhuo, et al conducted fatigue tests on I-shaped steel beams containing butt welds and found that the sudden change in magnetic signal distribution curve can characterize the occurrence of macroscopic fatigue cracks and the processed average magnetic field characteristic curve can characterize the process of weld fatigue changes and provide early warning for macroscopic fatigue cracks [7]; Song, Ding, et al conducted static tensile tests on standard steel specimens with welds and fatigue tests on steel bridge decks, studying the correlation between coercive force and crack initiation and propagation [8]; Shen G, Hu B, et al conducted dynamic changes in the amplitude of metal magnetic memory signals for crane beam cracks under load, demonstrating that the MMM testing method can be used to monitor the activity of surface cracks or damage in steel structures [9]. In addition, researchers have also explored the changes in magnetic field strength of different types of steel material specimens under different loading conditions and it has been proven that this technology can effectively predict fatigue life.…”