Investigation of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter using isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics

Initial- and Final-State Temperatures of Emission Source from Differential Cross-Section in Squared Momentum Transfer in High-Energy Collisions

“…The values of E 1 , hp t i, n s , T i , T, n, p 0 , and n 0 are listed in Tables 1-3 with χ 2 and number of degree of freedom (ndof). One can see that in most cases, the calculations based on Equation(8) with Equations (2)-(4) for p 3T can fit approximately the experimental data measured by the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations.…”

“…which is needed by us. According to the concrete values of p T and θ, and using other quantities, the value of |t | can be obtained from Equation (8). After repeating the calculations many times, the distribution of |t | is obtained statistically.…”

“…In high-energy collisions, it is interesting for us to describe the excitation and equilibrium degrees of an interacting system because of the two degrees related to the reaction mechanism and evolution process of the collision system [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In the progress of describing the excitation degree and structure character of the system, temperature is an important quantity in physics in view of intuitiveness and representation.…”

“…The experimental data points from (a, b) nonexclusive and (c) exclusive productions are measured by the H1[37] and ZEUS Collaborations[39], respectively, with different average squared photon virtuality (a) Q 2 = 3:3, 6.6, 11.5, 17.4, and 33.0 GeV 2 ; (b) Q 2 = 3:3, 6.6, and 15.8 GeV 2 ; and (c) Q 2 = 2:7, 5.0, 7.8, 11.9, 19.7, and 41.0 GeV 2 . The data points are fitted by the Monte Carlo calculations with the Erlang distribution Equation (2) (the solid curves), the Tsallis distribution Equation (3) (the dashed curves), and the Hagedorn function Equation (4) (the dotted curves) for p 3T in Equation(8). Some data are scaled by different quantities marked in the panels for clear visibility.…”

“…The experimental data points from (a, c) exclusive, (b) nonexclusive, and (d) exclusive productions are measured by the ZEUS[40,41], H1[37], and WA102 Collaborations[43,44], respectively, with different Q 2 for only (b) and (c). Similar to Figure1, the data points are fitted by the Monte Carlo calculations based on Equation(8).…”