Investigation of the risk of consuming marketed milk with antimicrobial residues in Kenya

Kang’ethe, Erastus K.; Aboge, Gabriel Oluga; Arimi, S.M.; Kanja, Laetitia Wakonyu; Omore, Amos O.; McDermott, John J.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2004.03.015

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The overall prevalence of approximately one in three is rather high, and indicates that there is a problem in the use of such drugs at the farm and/or along the milk marketing channels in the country. Similar studies in Kenya [6,7,8] have shown that the prevalence proportion is considerable lower at 9 -16 %. However, the risk of exposure or exceeding the ADI in Ghana may be lower given the very low per-capita annual consumption of milk of only 5 kg Liquid Milk Equivalent (LME) per person, a large proportion of which comprises imported dairy products that are expected to have lower levels of contamination, as compared to Kenya's per-capita annual milk consumption of 85 kg LME or over 100 kg LME per-capita annual milk consumption in many western countries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Risk of Exposure to Marketed Milk with Antimicrobial Drug Residues in Ghana

Aning¹,

Donkor²,

Omore³

et al. 2007

TOFSJ

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Abstract:The study was carried out to determine the extent to which antimicrobial drugs may be translocated into milk and the associated risk of exposure by consumers. A total of 394 milk samples were collected in the study sites in dry and wet seasons, and from different categories of milk market agents, including producers (farmers), processors, wholesalers (assemblers) and retailers. The milk samples were screened for antimicrobial drug residues using the Charm Aim-96 antimicrobial inhibition assay screening kit. Overall, 35.5% (140/394) of the milk samples collected were contaminated with one or more of the antimicrobial drugs screened. This translates into an average risk of exposure every third time a consumer drinks locally produced milk. There was no significant difference in contamination levels between season and area of sampling. Among market agents, contamination levels ranged from 16.6% (9/54) for wholesalers or milk assemblers to 54.2% (13/24) for milk processors. There were no significant differences in prevalence proportions of drug residues in milk from different types of traders between and within locations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Risk of Exposure to Marketed Milk with Antimicrobial Drug Residues in Ghana

Aning¹,

Donkor²,

Omore³

et al. 2007

TOFSJ

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“…Most farmers tend to find this practice difficult since the physical appearance of the milk is similar to that from a cow that is not undergoing any form of treatment. A part from lack of withdrawal, animal feed can be contaminated with antibiotics through feces or poor disposal of treatment kits containing antibiotics (Aboge et al, 2000;Kang'ethe et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Kenya reports on drug residues have increased gradually since 1978 where penicillin residues in milk was reported to be 1% (Kang'ethe et al, 2005), in 2000 there was 16% of drug residues reported (Omore et al, 2004;Kang'ethe et al, 2005) while Shitandi and Sternesjö (2004) reported 14.9% of milk to contain penicillin. Further, in 2010 over 24% of milk at the farm level tested positive for antibiotic residues (Ahlberg et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of sulphonamides and tetracyclines antibiotic residue contaminants in rural and peri urban dairy value chains in Kenya

et al. 2017

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Background: Antibiotic residues are drug substances found in food from plants or animals initially exposed to antibiotics. In animal husbandry antibiotics have widely been used for the treatment of animal diseases. These residues have the ability to expose the public to serious health hazards. In Kenya drug residues have not only been related to lack of withdrawal periods but also to intentional addition to extend milk's shelf life. Results: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of 13 veterinary drugs of tetracyclines and sulphonamides along the dairy sub value chain. The study was carried out in Nakuru County which is the leading milk producer in the country. A total of 229 samples were analysed from rural and 80 samples from peri-urban. These were collected from different nodes of the value chain; the farm, milk transporters and at the bulking centers between January 2014 and November 2015. Screening of samples was done by Charm II Blue -Yellow-test while confirmation was done by HPLC-UV for sulfachloropyradizine (SCL), sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfadimidine (SMTZ), sulfaquinoxaline (SQ), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfadoxin (SDOX), sulfadimethoxin (SDM), oxytetracycline (OTC), doxycycline hyclate (DC), chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). In the rural 72 out of 229 (31.4%) samples were positive after screening while none of the samples confirmed the presence of tetracyclines after analysis with HPLC-UV. Sulphonamides confirmed after analysis with HPLC-UV were all above the EU MRL limits. In the peri urban 28.8% (23/80) of the samples were positive for antibiotic residues. Tetracyclines were not detected in confirmation while 60% of the positive samples were positive for sulphonamides out of which 71% were above the regulatory limits. Highest percentage of antibiotics was detected in rural farms (46.7%) and at peri urban bulking centers (50%). Conclusion: The study concluded that antibiotic residues along the dairy value chain are majorly from the farm due to lack of withdrawal periods followed by intentional addition along the value chain. Value chain actors should also be trained on ways of avoiding antibiotic residues from entering the dairy value chain to protect the public from health effects related to antibiotic residues.

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“…The contamination of milk was not detected by the test used, probably because of a dilution effect of the antibiotic in milk from other mammary quarters of the animal or from untreated animals. The higher volume of milk in the tank reduces the detection of positive samples due to a dilution effect of antimicrobial residues (Kang'ethe et al 2005).…”

Section: Gentamicin Residues In Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramammary treatment with gentamicin in lactating cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis

et al. 2016

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The study evaluated the microbiological profile of milk samples collected before and after mastitis treatment with gentamicin and investigated biofilms production and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. isolated. The presence of gentamicin residues in milk after the recommended withdrawal period was also evaluated. Antimicrobial residues were analyzed by Delvotest® SP NT over a period of 12 days beginning after 24 hours the last gentamicin application. Some of Staphylococcus spp. isolates were biofilm producers (19.05%). Staphylococcus spp. showed high levels of resistance to neomycin (16.95%), penicillin G (10.17%), and ampicillin (10.17%). Multidrug resistance to all antibiotics tested was observed in 1.69% of the Staphylococcus spp. isolates. Among 1440 mammary quarter milk samples 24.95% presented gentamicin residues after the withdrawal period. Gentamicin residues were also detected in 3.8% of samples from calibrated glass recorder jar (n=383) 4.1 days after treatment. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics may lead to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains as well as increasing the risk of presence of residues of these drugs in milk. These problems affect the milk quality and may become a public health problem.

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Investigation of the risk of consuming marketed milk with antimicrobial residues in Kenya

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

Risk of Exposure to Marketed Milk with Antimicrobial Drug Residues in Ghana

Risk of Exposure to Marketed Milk with Antimicrobial Drug Residues in Ghana

Assessment of sulphonamides and tetracyclines antibiotic residue contaminants in rural and peri urban dairy value chains in Kenya

Intramammary treatment with gentamicin in lactating cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis

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