Investigation of soft X-ray emission from a gas puff target irradiated with a Nd:YAG laser

Radiation characteristics of extreme UV and soft X-ray sources

“…. 200 eV [53,54]. Corresponding spectral maxima of the Planck distribution are found at the photon wavelengths 2.2 .…”

Surface Modification of Solids by Extreme Ultraviolet and Plasma Treatment

“…The density could be regulated within the range of the order of 1 £ 10% of the atmospheric density. The density measurements were performed using an X-ray backlighting method [7]. The EUV photons are strongly absorbed in any kind of matter including gases.…”

Generation of soft X-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) using a laser-irradiated gas puff target

“…It corresponds to the particle density of about 2.3 ϫ 10 19 . More detailed information on characterization measurements using the X-ray back lighting method are given elsewhere~Fiedorowicz et al., 1999aal., or b, 2000aal., , 2003al., , Rakowski et al, 2004 …”

“…Moreover, the use of the gas puff target increases the absorption of laser energy in the plasma, and to improve the X-ray and EUV conversion efficiency. Strong X-ray and EUV emissions from gas puff targets irradiated with nanosecond high-power laser pulses were demonstrated in the experiments performed at various laboratories~Fiedorowicz et al , 1994, 1996a, 1999aCelliers et al, 1996;Suzuki et al, 2003!. The laser plasma radiation source based on a gas puff target was successfully used in the spectral investigations of emission from multiply-charged ions. The characteristic features of the gas puff laser plasmas made possible to measure the X-ray spectra with very high spectral resolution, which was not available for other laser plasma sources.…”