Investigation of natural effective gamma dose rates case study: Ardebil Province in Iran

Abstract

Gamma rays pose enough energy to induce chemical changes that may be biologically important for the normal functioning of body cells. The external exposure of human beings to natural environmental gamma radiation normally exceeds that from all man-made sources combined. In this research natural background gamma dose rates and corresponding annual effective doses were determined for selected cities of Ardebil province. Outdoor gamma dose rates were measured using an Ion Chamber Survey Meter in 105 locations in selected districts. Average absorbed doses for Ardebil, Sar-Ein, Germy, Neer, Shourabil Recreational Lake, and Kosar were determined as 265, 219, 344, 233, 352, and 358 nSv/h, respectively. Although dose rates recorded for Germi and Kosar are comparable with some areas with high natural radiation background, however, the dose rates in other districts are well below the levels reported for such locations. Average annual effective dose due to indoor and outdoor gamma radiation for Ardebil province was estimated as 1.73 (1.35–2.39) mSv, which is on average 2 times higher than the world population weighted average.

Effect of some operational parameters on the arsenic removal by electrocoagulation using iron electrodes

“…Therefore, the drinking water containing arsenic should be treated before usage. Several methods have been investigated for removal of arsenic, including ion exchange [6,7], coagulation and precipitation with iron and aluminum salts [8], adsorption [9-11], electrocoagulation [12-15], membrane techniques like ultrafiltration [16,17], nanofiltration [18], electrodialysis [19], reverse osmosis [13,20,21]. Other techniques like solvent extraction [22], bioremediation [23,24] have been developed for the removal of arsenic too.…”

“…At this point, the electrocoagulation process has attracted a great deal of attention in treating industrial wastewaters because of its versatility and environmental compatibility [25,26]. Electrocoagulation consists of an in situ generation of coagulants by an electrical dissolution of iron or aluminum electrodes.…”

Removal of amoxicillin from wastewater by self-made Polyethersulfone membrane using nanofiltration

“…Pressure-driven membrane processes, particularly NF and RO have been the centre of attention in the past few years especially for treatment of drinking water [22,23]. …”

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