Investigation of Mycobacterium bovis and Metastrongylus sp. co-infection and its relationship to tuberculosis lesions’ occurrence in wild boars

Lopes, Bruna Corrêa; Vidaletti, Marina Roth; Loiko, Márcia Regina; Andrade, Juliana da Silva Ribeiro de; Maciel, Anna Luiza Gisler; Doyle, Rovaina Laureano; Bertagnolli, Angélica Cavalheiro; Rodrigues, Rogério Oliveira; Driemeier, David; Mayer, Fabiana Quoos

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101674

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

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“…Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is a group of mycobacteria that include M. tuberculosis, the major cause of human tuberculosis (TB), and other genetically related species that affect livestock and wild animals but are also implicated in human disease [ 87 , 88 ]. Among these species, in the last decade, M. bovis [ 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 ], M. caprae [ 89 , 104 , 111 , 116 , 117 ], and M. microti [ 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 ] have been frequently reported from wild boar, feral pigs, and warthogs in different countries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Foodborne Bacteria in Wild Boar and Wild Boar Meat—A Literature Survey for the Period 2012–2022

Altissimi

Noé-Nordberg²,

Ranucci

et al. 2023

Foods

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The wild boar is an abundant game species with high reproduction rates. The management of the wild boar population by hunting contributes to the meat supply and can help to avoid a spillover of transmissible animal diseases to domestic pigs, thus compromising food security. By the same token, wild boar can carry foodborne zoonotic pathogens, impacting food safety. We reviewed literature from 2012–2022 on biological hazards, which are considered in European Union legislation and in international standards on animal health. We identified 15 viral, 10 bacterial, and 5 parasitic agents and selected those nine bacteria that are zoonotic and can be transmitted to humans via food. The prevalence of Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica on muscle surfaces or in muscle tissues of wild boar varied from 0 to ca. 70%. One experimental study reported the transmission and survival of Mycobacterium on wild boar meat. Brucella, Coxiella burnetii, Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycobacteria have been isolated from the liver and spleen. For Brucella, studies stressed the occupational exposure risk, but no indication of meat-borne transmission was evident. Furthermore, the transmission of C. burnetii is most likely via vectors (i.e., ticks). In the absence of more detailed data for the European Union, it is advisable to focus on the efficacy of current game meat inspection and food safety management systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Foodborne Bacteria in Wild Boar and Wild Boar Meat—A Literature Survey for the Period 2012–2022

Altissimi

Noé-Nordberg²,

Ranucci

et al. 2023

Foods

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Effect of PCV-2 Vaccination on Cytokines Gene Expression Profile in Wild Boar Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells after Stimulation with Mycobacteria Antigens

Holgado-Martín,

Risco,

García-Sánchez

et al. 2024

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a common wild ungulate known as the most important reservoir of tuberculosis (TB) in Spain. The severity of TB lesions in this species and the high prevalence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) have been related. PCV-2 is ubiquitous in swine populations, being usual for the free-living ones the contact with this agent. Recent studies found a correlation between a decrease of generalised TB prevalence in wild boar populations and the PCV-2-vaccination. The aim of this study was to find out if PCV-2 vaccination modulates the gene expression of cytokines from immune cells after its exposition with mycobacterial antigens using an in vitro methodology. A total of 46 wild boars from a PCV-2 infection endemic area were blood-sampled before and after the PCV-2 vaccination of 22 of them. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained and isolated from these samples. Aliquots of the cells were in vitro cultured and respectively stimulated with PPDa, PPDb, and a mitogen. A complete analysis of the gene expression of cytokines from the cultured PBMC was carried out. Also, Mycobacterium bovis and PCV-2 contacts were revealed by ELISA and/or qPCR. The results demonstrated that the animals which have had contact with PCV-2 and had been vaccinated, manifested a significant decrease in gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, like interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, possibly related with the severity of TB lesions, and also a significant decrease of interleukin 10, a key cytokine. In conclusion, in case of possible infection or contact events with the virus, PCV-2 vaccination could be an effective measure to reduce the TB severity in wild boar populations, which could decrease the intra and interspecies transmission of TB.

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Investigation of Mycobacterium bovis and Metastrongylus sp. co-infection and its relationship to tuberculosis lesions’ occurrence in wild boars

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Presence of Foodborne Bacteria in Wild Boar and Wild Boar Meat—A Literature Survey for the Period 2012–2022

Presence of Foodborne Bacteria in Wild Boar and Wild Boar Meat—A Literature Survey for the Period 2012–2022

Effect of PCV-2 Vaccination on Cytokines Gene Expression Profile in Wild Boar Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells after Stimulation with Mycobacteria Antigens

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