Investigation of Kraft Lignin Solubility in Protic Ionic Liquids and Their Aqueous Solutions

Dias, Rafael M.; Petrin, Lívia C. G.; Sosa, Filipe H. B.; Lopes, André M. da Costa; Coutinho, João A. P.; Costa, Mariana C.

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02605

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…As another alternative, ionic liquid is proven to be a good solvent for lignin and even lignocellulose. For example, Dias et al [58] . reported the solubility of Kraft lignin in solvents of alkanol ammonium‐based protic ionic liquids (PILs) aqueous solutions.…”

Section: Current Techniques For Reducing the Diffusion Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Techniques for Overcoming the Diffusion Limitations in Heterogeneously Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin

Cui

Wang

et al. 2023

ChemSusChem

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Heterogeneously catalyzed depolymerization of lignin to valueadded chemicals is increasingly attractive but highly challengeable. Particularly, the diffusion limitation of lignin macromolecule to the solid catalyst surface is a big barrier, which significantly decreases the yield of monomer while increasing char formation. Therefore, for the potential industrial utilization of lignin, new knowledge focused on the size of lignin particles is of great importance to offer guidance for promoting lignin depolymerization and suppressing condensation in the hetero-geneously catalytic systems. In this Review, the size of lignin particles and macromolecules are summarized. Previous approaches for improving the mass diffusion including enhancing the solubility of lignin and exploitation of hierarchical and "solubilized" materials are also discussed. Based on these, a constructive perspective is proposed. Thus, this work provides a new insight on the rational design of heterogeneous catalytic techniques for efficient utilization of the aromatic polymer of lignin.

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Section: Current Techniques For Reducing the Diffusion Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Techniques for Overcoming the Diffusion Limitations in Heterogeneously Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin

Cui

Wang

et al. 2023

ChemSusChem

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“…On the other hand, reducing the kraft lignin molecular weight by solvent fractionation can enhance its miscibility and dispersion in the PU matrix, and consequently can improve some properties of the resulting PU such as the mechanical properties [ 115 ]. The use of binary organic solvent mixtures such as acetone–methanol [ 116 ], aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) composed of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and ethanol [ 117 ], and the use of ionic liquids [ 118 ] are examples of strategies used to reduce the molecular weight of lignin as well as its heterogeneity. However, it is important to take into account that commercializing low-molecular-weight lignin has been economically unfeasible until now.…”

Section: Lignin As a Building Block To Synthesize Polyurethanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin as a Renewable Building Block for Sustainable Polyurethanes

et al. 2022

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Currently, the pulp and paper industry generates around 50–70 million tons of lignin annually, which is mainly burned for energy recovery. Lignin, being a natural aromatic polymer rich in functional hydroxyl groups, has been drawing the interest of academia and industry for its valorization, especially for the development of polymeric materials. Among the different types of polymers that can be derived from lignin, polyurethanes (PUs) are amid the most important ones, especially due to their wide range of applications. This review encompasses available technologies to isolate lignin from pulping processes, the main approaches to convert solid lignin into a liquid polyol to produce bio-based polyurethanes, the challenges involving its characterization, and the current technology assessment. Despite the fact that PUs derived from bio-based polyols, such as lignin, are important in contributing to the circular economy, the use of isocyanate is a major environmental hot spot. Therefore, the main strategies that have been used to replace isocyanates to produce non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) derived from lignin are also discussed.

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“…In 2009, it was found that cellulose-rich material can be obtained in a single step via the complete dissolution of softwood and hardwood in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate followed by separation [152]. Currently, there are multiple ILs for the dissolution, pretreatment, and/or processing of biopolymers and biomasses (chitin/chitosan [153], silk fibroin [154], lignin [155], starch [156], keratin [157], etc.). The most efficient anions used in ILs for cellulose dissolution are basic ones such as chloride (Cl − ), carboxylates (e.g., acetate ([OAc] − ), formate ([HCOO] − ), and propionate ([OPr] − )) or derivatives of mineral acids (e.g., diethylphosphate ([(EtO) 2 PO 2 ] − ) and dimethylphosphate ([(MeO) 2 PO 2 ] − ) [158]).…”

Section: Ionic Liquids (Ils)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Cellulose to Its Full Potential: A Review on Cellulose Dissolution, Regeneration, and Applications

et al. 2021

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As the most abundant natural polymer, cellulose is a prime candidate for the preparation of both sustainable and economically viable polymeric products hitherto predominantly produced from oil-based synthetic polymers. However, the utilization of cellulose to its full potential is constrained by its recalcitrance to chemical processing. Both fundamental and applied aspects of cellulose dissolution remain active areas of research and include mechanistic studies on solvent–cellulose interactions, the development of novel solvents and/or solvent systems, the optimization of dissolution conditions, and the preparation of various cellulose-based materials. In this review, we build on existing knowledge on cellulose dissolution, including the structural characteristics of the polymer that are important for dissolution (molecular weight, crystallinity, and effect of hydrophobic interactions), and evaluate widely used non-derivatizing solvents (sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-based systems, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc)/lithium chloride (LiCl), N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), and ionic liquids). We also cover the subsequent regeneration of cellulose solutions from these solvents into various architectures (fibers, films, membranes, beads, aerogels, and hydrogels) and review uses of these materials in specific applications, such as biomedical, sorption, and energy uses.

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Investigation of Kraft Lignin Solubility in Protic Ionic Liquids and Their Aqueous Solutions

Cited by 21 publications

References 66 publications

Critical Techniques for Overcoming the Diffusion Limitations in Heterogeneously Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin

Critical Techniques for Overcoming the Diffusion Limitations in Heterogeneously Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin

Lignin as a Renewable Building Block for Sustainable Polyurethanes

Utilization of Cellulose to Its Full Potential: A Review on Cellulose Dissolution, Regeneration, and Applications

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