Investigation of inhalational conscious sedation as a tool for reducing anxiety in adults undergoing exodontia

Hierons, R. J.; Dorman, M. L.; Wilson, Katherine; Averley, Paul; Girdler, N.M.

doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.839

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Sedation has been shown to be useful in dentistry to manage a variety of patient concerns and conditions; fear and anxiety are the most common (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Some of the benefits include adjunctive pain control (13)(14)(15), behavior management (16), reduction of the gag reflex (17), and the reduction of fear and anxiety (2,7,9,11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Patients' Awareness and Factors Influencing Patients' Demands for Sedation in Endodontics

Huh

Montagnese

Harding

et al. 2015

Journal of Endodontics

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Patients' Awareness and Factors Influencing Patients' Demands for Sedation in Endodontics

Huh

Montagnese

Harding

et al. 2015

Journal of Endodontics

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“…16 Nitröz oksit sedasyonu bu kriterleri büyük oranda içe-ren ve uzun zamandır birçok ülkede kullanılan bir teknik olup, günümüzde ağız cerrahisi işlemlerinde sedasyon amacıyla uygulanan yaygın yöntemlerden biridir. 2,4,24,[34][35][36][37] Hierons ve arkadaşları 36 , dental kaygıya sahip yetişkin hasta grubunda basit ve komplike diş çekim-leri esnasında kullanılan nitröz oksit/oksijen sedasyonunun postoperatif dönemde dental kaygı düzeyini azaltabileceği sonucunu bildirmiştir. Yazarlar minor oral cerrahi işlemler uygulanacak kaygı düzeyine sahip hastalarda lokal anestezi ile birlikte nitröz oksit/oksijen sedasyonu kullanımının yararlı olabileceğini ifade etmiştir.…”

Section: Nitröz Oksit/oksijen Sedasyonunun Ağız Cerrahisinde Kullanımıunclassified

Ni̇tröz Oksi̇t/Oksi̇jen Sedasyonu Ve Ağiz Cerrahi̇si̇nde Kullanim Alanlari

Ergüven¹,

Işık²

2015

Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi

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Sedation choice for oral surgical procedures must include several features such as, wide safety margin, easy to administrate, no interference with treatment, rapid onset, able to titrate and low environmental/ occupational hazards. Nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation meets most of these criteria and it is one of the common methods for achieving sedation currently. The aim of this review is to inform about nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation and its utilization in the fields of oral surgery in the light of the current literature.

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“…It is widely used during labour as well [10,11] but its analgesic efficacy varies [11]. Its anxiolytic efficacy has been demonstrated during dental procedures [12], intravenous cannulations [13], and in women undergoing Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia [14]. The analgesic mechanism of nitrous oxide may be mediated by activation of opioid receptors and descending antinociceptive pathways; the anxiolytic effect may be mediated with activation of GABA A receptors [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide analgesia for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy – A randomized, controlled and patient blinded study

Kuivalainen

Ebeling

Poikonen

et al. 2015

Scandinavian Journal of Pain

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Background and aims Bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy (BMAB), performed under local anaesthesia in adults, is a common and often painful procedure. Anxiety is known to intensify pain during the procedure. Nitrous oxide (N2O), known for its sedative and analgesic benefit in various short medical procedures and labour pain, could be advantageous also for pain relief during bone marrow examination. N2O acts rapidly and is eliminated in a couple of minutes once the inhalation is stopped, and occasional side effects (e.g. dizziness and nausea) are mild. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of inhaled 50% mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen to 50% oxygen during bone marrow examination. Methods In this randomized, controlled, patient and observer blinded study patients received either 50% mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen or 50% mixture of oxygen in air during bone marrow examination, in addition to local analgesia. Both patient groups comprised 35 adult patients. Pre-procedural anxiety and procedural pain were rated on the Numeral Rating Scale (NRS 0‒10). Cognitive function was measured before and 30 min after the procedure. Possible side effects were recorded. A telephone interview was performed 24 h later. Results There were no statistically significant differences in pain scores of the procedural steps (median NRS ranging 3.0‒4.0) between the study groups. High pain scores of 8‒10 comprised 0% vs. 8.6% of the scores during infiltration, 2.9% vs. 5.7% during puncture, 11.4% vs. 14.3% during aspiration and 2.9% vs. 2.9% during biopsy in N2O and 50% O2 groups, respectively (NS). Pre-procedural anxiety (median NRS 3.5 in both groups), measured in the outpatient clinic just prior to procedure, correlated with pain intensity during bone marrow aspiration (P = 0.045). There were no significant differences between side effects. During the BMAB four patients (3 in N2O group, 1 in 50% O2 group) reported dizziness and one patient in the N2O group reported nausea. Gas inhalation did not affect the cognitive function of the participants. In both groups the majority (>80%) of the patients was satisfied with the inhalation technique. During the 24 h interview, most of the participants were pain free and they did not report any serious adverse effects. Conclusions In spite of similar moderate to strong procedural pain in both groups and no benefit of N2O, most patients were satisfied with the inhalational techniques. We assume that the bedside presence of an anaesthesiologist and the distraction caused by the inhalational arrangements introduced positive context-sensitive therapeutic effect independent of the gas used. Pre-procedural anxiety predicted pain associated with bone marrow aspiration. Implications Inhaled 50% nitrous oxide was not an effective analgesic during bone marrow examination in our unselected outpatient population. Further studies should concentrate on its use with patients predicted to be at increased risk of suffering intense pain during the procedure, such as very anxious patients o...

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Investigation of inhalational conscious sedation as a tool for reducing anxiety in adults undergoing exodontia

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Assessment of Patients' Awareness and Factors Influencing Patients' Demands for Sedation in Endodontics

Assessment of Patients' Awareness and Factors Influencing Patients' Demands for Sedation in Endodontics

Ni̇tröz Oksi̇t/Oksi̇jen Sedasyonu Ve Ağiz Cerrahi̇si̇nde Kullanim Alanlari

Nitrous oxide analgesia for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy – A randomized, controlled and patient blinded study

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