Investigation of Indoor Air Quality in Houses of Macedonia

Vilčeková, Silvia; Apostoloski, Ilija Zoran; Mečiarová, Ľudmila; Burdová, Eva Krídlová; Kiseľák, Jozef

doi:10.3390/ijerph14010037

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Another possible explanation for these levels of PM could be regional biomass burning that occurs during winter and spring [25]. Results obtained in previous studies found that PM in homes increased during cold seasons, when heating is common and ventilation is reduced, because doors and windows are typically closed, thus trapping PM inside [26,27].…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Of Indoor Air Quality and Indoor And Outdmentioning

confidence: 97%

Variation of Indoor Particulate Matter Concentrations and Association with Indoor/Outdoor Temperature: A Case Study in Rural Limpopo, South Africa

et al. 2018

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Abstract:There is still a pressing concern regarding the causes of poor indoor air quality and the consequent effects on health, because people spend a considerable amount of time indoors. Information about seasonal variation and the determinants of particulate matter (PM) concentrations could guide the design and implementation of intervention strategies. This study was conducted in Giyani, Limpopo province, South Africa. The main aim was to assess indoor air quality. Indoor PM and temperature were monitored to describe seasonal and diurnal patterns of indoor PM 4 concentration and to estimate the association between PM concentrations and indoor as well as ambient conditions. Indoor PM 4 was monitored hourly in kitchens for the duration of spring (September), summer (February) and winter (July). Indoor temperatures were monitored hourly in kitchens, living rooms and bedrooms. Outdoor temperature and outdoor relative humidity were also monitored for the same period. Indoor temperatures showed a large range in the three sampled seasons, with the maximum values raising the largest cause for concern. Maximum indoor temperatures in summer exceeded the threshold of 35 • C, which has been shown to have adverse health effects. Occupants of the sampled households were exposed to indoor PM 4 concentrations that exceeded national and international guidelines. Hourly indoor temperature was statistically significantly correlated to PM 4 concentrations in the summer and spring (r = 0.22 and 0.24 respectively, p < 0.001 for both) and negatively correlated to outdoor relative humidity (r = −0.27, p < 0.001). Diurnal PM 4 variations showed pronounced patterns with morning and evening peaks. PM 4 was consistently higher throughout the day in summer compared to spring and winter. Community-based intervention strategies should consider these seasonal differences in PM 4 exposure and tailor awareness messages for exposure prevention accordingly.

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Section: Seasonal Variation Of Indoor Air Quality and Indoor And Outdmentioning

confidence: 97%

Variation of Indoor Particulate Matter Concentrations and Association with Indoor/Outdoor Temperature: A Case Study in Rural Limpopo, South Africa

et al. 2018

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“…In Macedonia, the recommended value for human exposure to TVOCs was exceeded in 32% of houses; and mean concentrations of PM 2.5 from 16.80 µg/m 3 to 30.70 µg/m 3 were established [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TVOCs and PM 2.5 in Naturally Ventilated Homes: Three Case Studies in a Mild Climate

et al. 2019

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In southern Europe, the present stock of social housing is ventilated naturally, with practice varying in the different seasons of the year. In winter, windows are kept closed most of the day with the exception of short periods for ventilation, whereas the rest of the year the windows are almost permanently open. In cold weather, air changes depend primarily on the air infiltrating across the envelope and when the temperature is warm, on the air flowing in through open windows. CO2, PM2.5, and TVOC concentration patterns were gathered over a year’s time in three social housing developments in southern Europe with different airtightness conditions and analyzed to determine possible relationships between environmental parameters and occupants’ use profiles. Correlations were found between TVOC and CO2 concentrations, for human activity was identified as the primary source of indoor contaminants: peak TVOC concentrations were related to specific household activities such as cooking or leisure. Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were likewise observed to be correlated, although not linearly due to the presence of indoor sources. Ventilation as presently practiced in winter appears to be insufficient to dilute indoor contaminants in all three buildings, nor does summertime behavior guarantee air quality.

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“…Measurements were made in 25 homes specifically in the town of Prilep, located in the southwestern part of Macedonia. Characteristics such as: type of building (single-family houses and apartments in multi-family buildings); age of building (construction finished in years from 1960 to 2005); renovation (years of 2000 -2013); smoking; and heating system (central system -pellets, wood; electric energy; wood stove; heat pump) are presented in study [12].…”

Section: Monitored Homesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of indoor air quality in Macedonian homes during summer season

Apostoloski

Vilčeková

Burdová

et al. 2018

Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering

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Measurements of indoor air quality (IAQ) factors in Macedonian homes were aimed at the determination of indoor air temperature, relative humidity, sound pressure level, particulate matters (PMs) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). IAQ monitoring were performed in 25 houses during summer period. Results pointed out that sound pressure level were high in most of the houses with mean values of 66.60 dB (A) -55.30 dB (A). Limit value of 40 dB (A) was exceeded in 72% of houses. Mean values of indoor air temperature and relative humidity ranged from 21.6°C to 28.6°C and from 35.8% to 60.2%, respectively. Mean concentrations of particulate matter concentrations ranged between 9.75 µg/m 3 -71.73 µg/m 3 and 23.63 µg/m 3 -145.10 µg/m 3 for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. Level of PM10 were high in 30% of the monitored houses. 56% of houses achieved higher concentration of PM2.5 than permissible value of 25 µg/m 3 . Excessive presence of TVOC was recorded in monitored homes with mean values from 260 ppm to 791 ppm. Results show that high exposure by noise, concentrations of TVOC and PMs in indoor air can affect family house users. Therefore, the indoor air quality needs to be investigated and people need to be informed about possible health consequences.

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Investigation of Indoor Air Quality in Houses of Macedonia

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Variation of Indoor Particulate Matter Concentrations and Association with Indoor/Outdoor Temperature: A Case Study in Rural Limpopo, South Africa

Variation of Indoor Particulate Matter Concentrations and Association with Indoor/Outdoor Temperature: A Case Study in Rural Limpopo, South Africa

TVOCs and PM 2.5 in Naturally Ventilated Homes: Three Case Studies in a Mild Climate

Monitoring of indoor air quality in Macedonian homes during summer season

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